ammonium chloride Isolation of the product‚ identification Possible or actual sources of error Part one of our experiment consisted of the preparation of phenylmagnesium bromide from bromobenzene. PhMgBr is an organometallic reagent‚ a class of nucleophile known as a Grignard reagent. Gringard reagents are a class of extremely reactive chemical compounds used in the synthesis of hydrocarbons‚ alcohols‚ carboxylic acids‚ and other compounds. A gringard reagent is an organic magnesium halide dissolved
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Synthesis and Purification of Acetylsalicylic Acid (ASA or Aspirin) Background Salicylic acid is a phenol as well as a carboxylic acid. It can therefore undergo two different types of esterification reactions‚ creating an ester either with the hydroxyl or with the acid. In the presence of acetic anhydride‚ acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin or ASA) is formed. Correspondingly‚ an excess of methanol will form methyl salicylate‚ which is also an analgesic. In this experiment‚ we shall use
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1 HIGHER SECONDARY MODEL EXAMINATION HSE II Max.marks: 60 CHEMISTRY Time: 2.45 hrs General instructions All questions are compulsory Cool-off time is 15 minutes 1] Defects modify the properties of crystals [4 marks] A] Give differences between Schottky and Frenkel defects [2.0] B] On heating zinc oxide becomes yellow in colour. Why? [1.0 ] C] Alkali metal halides on heating in presence of alkali metal produce characteristic colours.Give reason [1.0] 2] Colligative
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Chemistry 2283g Experiment 1 – Alkyl Halides EXPERIMENT 1: Preparation and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Relevant Sections in the text (Wade‚ 7 ed.) • 6.7 (p. 228) Reactions of alkyl halides • 6.8 – 6.12 (p. 229 – 242) The SN2 reaction: generality‚ factors affecting SN2 reactions‚ substrate reactivity‚ mechanism • 6.13 – 6.14 (p. 243 – 249) The SN1 reaction: mechanism‚ stereochemistry General Concepts The most common of the variety of methods available for preparing alkyl halides is the replacement
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Topic Acid-Base Theory (Unit 1) Acid-Base Theory (Unit 2) Isomerism (Unit 1) Isomerism (Unit 2) Nomenclature Reaction Mechanism (Unit 1) - Introduction to Mechanism Reaction Mechanism (Unit 2) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 3) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 4) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 5) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 6) - Nucleophilic substitution Reaction Mechanism (Unit 7) - Elimination Reaction Mechanism
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Prefix divide by Pico- Nano- milli- 0.000‚000‚000‚001 0.000‚000‚001 0.001 centi- 0.01 deci- 0.1 deka- 10 hecto- 100 Kilo- 1‚000 Mega 1 kcal = 1000 cal 1 Cal= 1 kcal 1 cal = 4.184 1‚000‚000 • Neutral atoms contain the same number of electrons and protons. • Components of a mixture can be separated (purified) by physical means. • Physical changes alter a substance without any changes to the chemical composition. • Chemical change involves breaking
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RESULTS: Solution | pH Value | Aniline | 7 | Benzyl aniline | 12 | Diethylamine | 10 | Table 1: Basicity of Amines Solution | Odor of Solution | Aniline added with chloroform and alcoholic KOH | Unpleasant smell | Table 2: Carbylamine Test (odor of solution) Solution | Observations | Aniline added with concentrated H2SO4 | -Salt formation upon addition of sulfuric acid- Gelatinous‚ pale yellow solution | Table 3: Salt Formation Solution: | Residue Formation: | pH level:
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hence the name ‘substitution’. There are two kinds of substitution that this project focused on: SN1‚ and SN2. The former is a reaction that is 1st order‚ and the latter 2nd order. The letters in the abbreviations represent the substitution and the nucleophile (which attacks the carbon hosting the alcohol) to get the entire reaction
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reagents are formed from the reaction of an alkyl‚ cycloalkyl‚ or aryl halide and magnesium metal. This reaction is shown below as Figure 1. [pic] Fig. 1: Formation of a Grignard reagent The carbon bonded to the metal is an excellent nucleophile and base. This carbon with carbanion character can partake in typical nucleophilic reactions such as nucleophilic substitution or carbonyl addition. The experiment performed is an example of carbonyl addition using a Grignard reagent. On
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of organic molecules. The chemistry and physical properties of carbonyl containing compounds such as aldehydes‚ ketones‚ carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives forms the major part of the course. Reactions involving enolate anions as nucleophiles are discussed. The emphasis of this course is on the development of problem solving skills in the context of structure features‚ synthesis and mechanism of reactions of carbonyl compounds. The chemistry of amines and overview of carbohydrate are
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