Name: Fabiola Gonzales ID#: 810004692 Lab Partner: Onecia Alexander Date: Friday 23rd October 2015 Theory: Arginase is an enzyme with the E.C. number 3.5.3.1 (Worthington 2015). This details it as a hydrolase enzyme that catalyses the cleavage of bonds through the addition of water. For this experiment‚ we pay close attention to the reaction where arginase catalyses the hydrolysis of arginine to ornithine and urea. This reaction is a part of the urea cycle and occurs in mammalian livers and sometimes
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Once it loses the chloride‚ a carbocation is formed and the water acts as the nucleophile to bond the oxygen to the carbocation. Bromothymol blue indicator changes color depending on the pH of a solution. The indicator would change from blue to green to yellow. Using this indicator‚ we were able to measure the rate of formation of HCl
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concentration of hydrobromic acid. The sulfuric acid protonates the hydroxyl group of n-butyl alcohol so that water is displaced instead of the hydroxide ion OH-. The acid also protonates the water as it is produced in the reaction and deactivates it as a nucleophile. Deactivation of water keeps the alkyl halide from being transformed back to the alcohol by nucleophilic attack of water. The reaction of the primary substrate continues via an SN2 mechanism. Introduction Halogenoalkanes‚ also known as haloalkanes
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Persian Gulf Pearl History Since the past‚ persian Gulf was one of the greatest source for fine and perfect pearls. Persian Gulf oysters (Pinctada margaritifera‚ Pinctada radiata) were collected for their mother-of-pearl‚ which was used as an inlay material in ancient Egypt as early as the sixth dynasty (c 3200 BC). The pearls of the Persian Gulf were natural created and collected by breath-hold divers. The secret to the special luster of Gulf pearls probably derived from the unique mixture of
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Lab 6: Organic Compound Analysis Isabella O’Toole CHY 116 Friday 1:15-4:00 Lab Conducted on 4-12-13 and 4-19-13 4-26-13 This lab was conducted in order to determine the chemical composition of an unknown organic acid. A known mass of acid was dissolved into 30mL of either water or methanol (depending on solubility) and titrated with standardized sodium hydroxide. Data from this allowed the molar
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losing a proton) using Acetic Anhydride as a source of an “Acyl” group to form an Amide. The Synthesis of Acetanilide (an Amide) through a Nucleophilic Acyl Substitution (addition / elimination) reaction between Aniline (an Amine) is acting as the Nucleophile and an Acyl group from Acetic Anhydride acting as the Electrophile. The Mechanism: The desired product is isolated from its impurities by differences in solubility. Soluble impurities remain in the cold solvent after recrystallization. The
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Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Objective The objective of this experiment was to illustrate electrophilic aromatic substitution by synthesizing p-nitroanilide (as well as ortho) from acetanilide by nitration. The para form was separated from the ortho form based on solubility properties using recrystallization techniques. Synthetic equations: Physical Properties & Hazards of Reagents/Products: (all taken from Sigma-Aldrich website) Acetanilide MM = 135.16 g/mol Melting point =
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Scheme Br Br HNO3 / H2SO4 Mechanism The first step is the formation of the NO2 from the nitric acid: NO2 1.3) O O S N HO O O HO O N + H2O + HSO4- OH O The second step is the nucleophile attack of the bromobenzene on the NO2. The temperature is moderated to avoid the formation of ortho and meta products: Br Br O + H+ N O NO2 2. PROCEDURE 2.1) Reaction In a 100mL twin‐neck bottom fl
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In this experiment‚ the cyanide ion served three purposes: first of all‚ it acted as a nucleophile‚ then it stabilized the intermediate carbanion‚ and in the end functioned as a leaving group. The Benzoin produced was then in turn purified and used to synthesize Benzil in the next experiment through Copper (II) ion oxidation. The Benzil was
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Ricin is a toxic protein found in castor oil plant seeds. The toxicity of Ricin has been known for centuries and was even used by the KGB government to assassinate Georgi Markov‚ a famous journalist who openly criticized the Soviet Union’s communist regime. The toxicity of ricin is caused by its ability to deactivate ribosomes and halt protein synthesis. Therefore‚ Ricin is categorized as a ribosome inactivating protein (RIP). There are two types of RIPs: type I and type II. Type I RIPs are usually
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