MODERN TRENDS IN OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION) CONTENTS ❖ Introduction ❖ Advantages of Fiber Optics ❖ Optical Transmitters ❖ The Optical Fiber ❖ Launching the Light ❖ Losses in Optical Fiber ❖ Optical Fiber Bandwidth ❖ Fiber Optic Cable Construction ❖ Other Types of Fibers ❖ Optical Receivers Introduction Our current "age of technology" is the result of many brilliant inventions and discoveries‚ but
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Refraction of light in water Refraction is the change in direction of a wave due to a change in its transmission medium. Due to change of medium‚ the phase velocity of the wave is changed but its frequency remains constant. This is most commonly observed when a wave passes from one medium to another at any angle other than 90° or 0°. Refraction of light is the most commonly observed phenomenon‚ When light travels from air into water‚ it slows down‚ causing it to change direction slightly. This
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Influences of Fiber Optics Introduction: People have been trying to improve communications over the centuries. Communication plays a very important role in everyday life. The advancement of the world mostly depends on how we share the information with the rest of the world. Fiber optics is making this task easier and quicker. It is currently the fastest internet technology. Fiber optic is a technology of transmitting light through very thin flexible glass or plastic fibers. It is one of the fastest
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Fiber optic communication ABSTRACT FIBRE-OPTICS COMMUNICATION Most reference materials that discuss the historical perspective mention about Indian smoke signals. None of these primitive systems was secure due to the spreading of the unguided light. Ideally‚ a communication system should be secure and should not require installation of a cumbersome physical media. Fiber optics satisfied these desires‚ and as early as 1958‚ fiber-optic equipment was being focused for use in the factory. The fiber-optic
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Telescopes A telescope is an instrument that aids in the observation of remote objects by collecting electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. The first known practical telescopes were invented in the Netherlands at the beginning of the 17th century‚ using glass lenses. They found use in terrestrial applications and astronomy. Telescopes come in all shapes and sizes‚ from a little plastic tube you buy at a toy store for $2‚ to the the Hubble telescope which weighs several tons. Amateur telescopes
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describe effects unlike what geometrical optics would predict: the edges of shadows are not quite sharp; the beam passed by a slit is not a narrow rectangle. Diffraction patterns carry information about the spacing and location of the elements in the diffraction grating that produced them. Conversely‚ if we know the structure of the grating‚ we can deduce properties about the incident light‚ in particular its wavelength. This will be our task‚ in this first optics lab exercise. The analysis of diffraction
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An Innovative Polariscope for Photoelastic Stress Analysis Jon R. Lesniak 1‚ Michael J. Zickel1 ‚ Christopher S. Welch2‚ Deonna F. Johnson2 Abstract An innovative polariscope involving a single rotating optical element and a digital camera for full-field image acquisition allows automated data to be acquired quickly and efficiently. Software analysis presents the data in an easy to interpret image format depicting the magnitude of the shear strains and the directions of the principal strains
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this experiment‚ we examine the interference and diffraction phenomena of light‚ both of which can be described by the wave theory of light. While interference is just the superposition of waves‚ diffraction is also any deviation from geometrical optics that results from the obstruction of a wavefront of light. In other words‚ diffraction is considering the double-slit experiment by taking into account the width of the slit openings‚ too. Another way of distinguishing between interference and diffraction
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References: [1] Hecht E. Optics 4th ed. California US. Pearson Addison Wesley. 2002. 426‚ 427‚ 428‚ 429‚ 430. [2] Mikhail Polyanskiy. Refractive Index Database. April‚ 2009. http://refractiveindex.info/index.php?group=CRYSTALS&material=TiO2&option=HO&wavelength=6.18 [3] Mikhail
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IB Physics Higher Level Full lab report on research question: Galileo’s experiment: Measuring from the motion of a cart on a track Student: Khaled Eltokhy Date: 03/10/2013 With lab partners: Hugo Valent Anders Dypvik Under the supervision of: Mark Sylvester Abstract: An experiment was done to determine acceleration due to gravity. A track was prepared to let a cart go upwards by a slight hand push and get backwards by gravity. The movement of the cart was measured by
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