firm manage foreign exchange exposures? The case examines transactional and translational exposures and alternative responses to these exposures by analyzing two specific hedging decisions by General Motors. Describes General Motors’ corporate hedging policies‚ its risk management structure‚ and how accounting rules impact hedging decisions. The company is considering deviations from prescribed policies because of two significant exposures: an exposure to the Canadian dollar with adverse accounting
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services provided. Bad debt expense is that portion of account receivables that will not be collected. Therefore‚ without any receivables a company will not have bad debts‚ thus no need to estimate any bad debt expense. Business to business transactions are mostly done with a promise to pay for goods and services provided at a later date. When a company sells its products or provides its services to other businesses or even individuals‚ it expects payment for the products or services. In most
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3.1 Hedging strategy in the literature: conventional understanding as risk minimization Introduced in the introduction in this chapter‚ I will first review existing literature on international relations theorists in narrating hedging strategy. Linking dictionary definition on the word hedge‚ hedging strategy means to prevent any loss in state’s pursuit of national interests from making strategic adversary in an uncertain international system by presenting overtly the strategic indeterminacy. Hedging
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Hedging in the Mining Industry Strategy‚ Control and Governance Contents Foreword Chapter 1: Executive summary Chapter 2: To hedge or not to hedge? Considering a strategy 1 2–4 5 – 12 Chapter 3: What tools are available? Implementing the hedging strategy 13 – 24 Chapter 4: How do we control and monitor a hedging programme? 25 – 36 Chapter 5: How‚ why and to whom do we communicate our risk-management strategy? 37 – 44 Chapter 6: What are the accounting implications? 45 – 49 Appendix
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way to resolve conflicts. Video game advocates contend that a majority of the research on the topic is deeply flawed and that no causal relationship has been found between video games and social violence. They argue that violent video games may reduce violence by serving as a substitute for rough and tumble play and by providing a safe outlet for aggressive and angry feelings. Read more... | Did You Know? | | Pro & Con Arguments | | Top Pro & Con Quotes | | Background
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foreign currencies as Euros (EUR) and British Pounds (GBP). Consequently‚ foreign exchange hedging has a crucial importance for the company because it provides protection against different types of risk that derive from its activity. In order to reduce risk‚ the company is using two hedging derivatives: forward contracts and put options to sell dollars. The aim of the paper is to determine an appropriate hedging policy which answers two main questions: how much to hedge‚ and in what proportions of
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Therefore‚ the company suffers from transaction risks during its steel trading process from the beginning of the purchase made until the payment is settled. According to CNT‟s management‚ the transaction exposure loss rarely happens‚ and is considered insignificant because the State Bank of Vietnam uses many mechanisms to support stability of the VND/USD exchange rate. Therefore‚ there were only minor transactions‚ which were hedged in the past. The hedging strategy used is only limited with the
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Transaction Cost Analysis as Framework According to TCA‚ a transaction is the transfer of goods or a service and the analysis of transactions emphasizes on achieving efficiency in their administration (Rindfleisch & Heide 1997). Firm is a particular form of organization for administering transactions between one party and another and is characterized as a managerial hierarchy. In contrast‚ market governance is characterized as transaction taking place without managerial oversight. Firms exist
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! Case Study 6 Foreign exchange hedging strategies at General Motors: Transactional and translational exposures ! General Motors (GM) was the largest automaker in the world‚ and the unit sales in 2001 was 8.5 million vehicles which occupied 15.1% of the total vehicle market. With the expansion through the world‚ GM faced more risk in the foreign exchange (FX). In other world‚ it would create gains or losses due to the changes in FX rate. According to the exhibit 2 and exhibit 3‚ Latin
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likely to make ATM transaction because they can use their bank debit cards at stores to pay for their items without having to go directly to their bank to make the withdraw. The test is going to use a significant level of .01 for the test. The null hypothesis is that there are less ATM transactions necessary for debit card holders than by non debit card holders. ANOVA/Z TEST/F Distribution ATM Debit Mean Non-Debit Card Holders
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