Returns to Scale Returns to scale is a concept that tries to explain the behaviour of the output in relation to the change in the total scale of operations of the firm. A change of scale of operations means a change in the total size of the firm‚ i.e. a change in both labour and capital of the firm. For determining the returns to scale‚ we need to calculate the Output Elasticity where: Output Elasticity = % change in Output/% change in all inputs The different types of returns to scales are:
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Economies of scale are the main drivers of corporate gigantism in the 20th century. Economies of scale simply refers to the cost benefit achieved with an increasing output / product unit. Economies of scale exist due to the inverse relationship between quantity produced and per-unit fixed costs ; the higher the quantity produced‚ the lower the cost per unit. Economies of scale can be seen in an orange juice production. The more orders ‚ or the more fruits‚ the growers harvest‚ the more savings
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ECONOMIES OF SCALE Economies of scale are basically the increase in efficiency of production as the number of goods being produced in a firm increases. Typically‚ a firm that achieves economies of scale lowers the average cost per unit through increased production since fixed costs are shared over an increased number of goods. Fixed costs are those costs of production that do not change when output changes. There are two types of Economies of Scale: Internal economies External economies Internal
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The Braden scale can identify if an individual is at risk for developing pressure ulcers. The Braden scale has a numerical (6-23) rating system based on ones sensory perception‚ skin exposure to moisture‚ physical activity‚ mobility‚ nutrition‚ and risk for friction and shearing (Braden‚ Maklebust‚ & Maklebust‚ 2005). A lower Braden Scale Score is and indicator that an individual is at a greater of developing a pressure ulcer due to ones lowers level of functioning. Whereas a higher score indicates
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Chrysler also known as Americas ‘Big Three’ automobile companies are located in this city. The concept of External Scale Economies can help us explain why these three major companies are located in this area. Scales economies are important for a country because they represent a growth in its economy. Companies are able to produce more products or services at a lower cost of input. “External scale economies are based on the size of an entire industry within a specific geographic area.”1 These companies bulk
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Adidas: Strengths -Strong success in Europe -High-performance products -Recent selling of subsidiary “dog” Salomon -In many invents is the biggest sponsor -Strong management team. -Strong control over its own distribution channel. -In the soccer industry‚ it has a stronghold. -No bad reputation like child labour or environment pollution. -Diversity and variety in products offered. -Strong financial position with minimal long term debts -Innovative designs in footwear enabling consumers
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Introduction A poorly designed questionnaire may not obtain the results the firm or organization is looking for. There are four categories in which numbers are generally grouped. In increasing order of sophistication‚ they are (1) nominal numbers‚ (2) ordinal numbers‚ (3) intervally scaled numbers‚ and (4) ratio-scaled numbers. This paper will examine each briefly and how they can be used effectively in the design of a survey questionnaire. Qualitative Data Data that can be categorized
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Diseconomies of scale A more precise definition is that long run average costs per unit rises with an increase in output.This can b shown in the diagram below: [pic] The rising part of the Long Run Average curve illustrates the effect of diseconomies of scale. Beyond Q1 (ideal firm size)‚ additional production will increase per unit costs. Diseconomies of scale are rarer than economies of scale and they are often offset by economies of scale that exist in the same business. This can make
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Economies of scale are the cost advantages that a business can exploit by expanding their scale of production. The effect of economies of scale is to reduce the average (unit) costs of production. Economies of scale‚ in microeconomics‚ refers to the cost advantages that an enterprise obtains due to expansion. There are factors that cause a producer’s average cost per unit to fall as the scale of output is increased. "Economies of scale" is a long run concept and refers to reductions in unit cost
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Economies of Scale * This is the cost advantage that a business obtains due to expansion. * That is the factor that cause the average cost of producing a product to fall‚ as output of the product rises as explained in the ‘Dictionary of Economics’. * By achieving economies of scale‚ a company would have the cost advantage over its existing and new rivals. * Further‚ the company could achieve lower long run average cost (i.e. productive efficiency). But if technology changes‚ this
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