rhamnolipid biosurfactants on the first-order biodegradation rate constant for a microbial consortium growing on a mixture of hydrocarbons representing four structural classes of hydrocarbons. The microbial biodegradation rate of hexadecane‚ dodecane‚ benzene‚ toluene‚ iso-octane‚ pristane (2‚6‚10‚14 tetramethyl pentadecane)‚ naphthalene‚ and phenanthrene in the presence and absence of a mixture of rhamnolipid biosurfactant was determined. A first-order biodegradation model was applied in these studies
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Additional Questions: 1. H H H C C H H C C H C H H C H H Compound A Compound A is an intermediate compound found in a production plant attempting to synthesise n-hexane. a) List three physical properties of alkynes. b) Give the IUPAC name of compound A. [3 marks] [2 marks] c) There are several ways to form the final product from Compound A. An operator has decided to use Pt catalyst to react with Compound A. Write the complete chemical reaction equation. [3 marks] d) The quality assurance
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used as fuel in combustion engines. It is made of over 250 types of hydrocarbons. Aromatic hydrocarbons like toluene and benzene are used to increase the octane rating of gasoline. Other additives are also added to improve engine performance and reduce the emission of harmful gasses formed as byproducts of the combustion process. Some hydrocarbons found in gasoline like benzene are carcinogenic. These hydrocarbons escape into the air around us while we are refilling petrol at a gas station. They
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around 1900 cm-1 indicates the presence of a benzene ring. For the product‚ the peaks located just over 3000 cm-1 indicate carbon hydrogen bonds. The weak carbon-carbon double bond peak located at 1621 cm-1 indicates the presence of a trans alkene. This is also supported by the peak located at 964.93 cm-1‚ the trans isomer peak. The two peaks at 1621.31 and 1516.29 cm-1 along with the overtones located around 1900 cm-1 indicates the presence of a benzene ring. Based on this data‚ it can be concluded
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1.Methyl mercaptan is used to give natural gas its distinctive odor. 2.Yes they can regenerate since there are stem cells (i.e. basal cells) present. These are the only neurons that commonly regenerate. 3.Dan will not be able to taste normally if the olfactory epithelia are damaged‚ just as a cold reduces taste sensation. Input from the nasal receptors enhances flavor analysis. 4.Although debris did not enter his eyes during the explosion‚ there was intense light and heat from the explosion that
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C5H10 + H2SO4 ==> C5H11.HSO4 For the aromatic hydrocarbon‚toluene doesn’t react with bromine water. This is because Br2 is electrophilic enough to attack double and triple bonds‚ but not electrophilic enough to attack the pi bond system of the benzene ring of toluene.For the reaction of between toluene and aqueous potassium manganate the reaction will change the toluene to benzanoic acid and the color of potassium manganate change from purple to slight purple Objective To compare the reaction
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both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons Crude oil: a complex mixture of hydrocarbons found in layers of rock beneath the earth’s surface Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: contain chains of carbon atoms that may be branched Aromatic Hydrocarbons: contain Benzene rings- rings of carbon atoms with delocalized electrons Alkanes all have different boiling points dependent on the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. The smaller chains ie. the most volatile hydrocarbons will leave at the top of the column
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Effects to the water quality Oils consist of a complex mixture of hydrogen and carbon which is used for fuel‚ lubrication‚ plastics manufacturing‚ and many other purposes. These petroleum products get into water mainly by means of accidental spills from ships‚ tanker trucks‚ pipelines‚ and leaky underground storage tanks Petroleum products affect surface water‚ impairing water quality with hydrocarbons‚ salts‚ nutrients‚ a host of organic compounds‚ and various heavy metals. Immediately after
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will be the diluted window cleaner solution. Methyl orange will be used as the pH indicator of this reaction. Apparatus Burette‚ 50 cm3 Small beaker / Weighing bottle Burette stand Wash bottle Conical flask‚ 100 cm3 Dropper Volumetric flask‚ 250 cm3 with stopper Funnel Volumetric pipette‚ 25 cm3 Standardized sulfuric acid‚ H2SO4(aq)‚ ~ 0.01 M Pipette filler Window cleaner solution White tile Methyl orange Procedures Part A Preparation
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Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives Ma. Marielle M. Medura Prof. Emma Boncales Chem 23A (TTH 01:00-4:00 p.m) Carboxylic Acids and Their Derivatives I. Introduction Carboxylic acids is an organic compound that contains a carboxylic group(-COOH). Its general formula is R-C=OOH with R referring to the rest of the molecule such as H and C. They are directly attached to a carbonyl group and the interaction between them affects the reactions of each. The polarity of the O-H bond
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