The Gram staining method is named after the Danish bacteriologist who originally developed it in 1882‚ Hans Christian Gram. The Gram staining process is one of the most important staining techniques in microbiology. It is almost always the first test performed for the identification of bacteria. The primary stain of the Gram’s method is either crystal violet or methylene blue‚ each almost equally effective. The microorganisms that retain the crystal violet and iodine mixture appear purplish brown
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Mycology: Yeast and Pneumocystis| Reading Assignment:|Mahon‚ Chapter 10‚ pgs 215-219‚ Chapter 27‚ pgs 626-629‚ 634-636‚ Appendix B Lecture Notes: Medical Mycology| |U of W Tutorial on Mycology (organisms listed in objectives)‚ www.medtraining.org[->0]| _____________________________________________________________________ 1. Discuss the difference between yeasts and molds. Fungi seen in the clinical laboratory can be generally separated into two groups based on the appearance of the colonies formed:
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Gram Staining Gram Staining is a method of differentiating bacterial species into two large groups (Gram-positive and Gram-negative). Gram Staining is a way to separate one large group of bacteria into two. Crystal violet is used to dye the cells‚ which is the primary stain. Those that retain the color are grouped as Gram-positive‚ and those that do not retain the color are grouped as Gram-negative. Many of the Gram-negative bacteria are pathogenic‚ making this process useful for detecting infections
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Aspirin Synthesis Introduction Out of all the pharmaceutical drugs in the worlds‚ aspirin is made the most. Any potential pharmacist must be familiar with synthesizing the drug. The goal of this lab is to synthesize as much pure aspirin as possible. The reactants‚ acetyl anhydride and salicylic acid‚ must react in phosphoric acid. With phosphoric acid as a catalyst‚ the reaction yields aspirin and acetic acid. The equation for the reaction is as follows: “(CH3CO)2O + HOC6H4COOH □(→┴yields ) CH3CO2C6H4CO2H
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Synthesis of Aspirin and Tylenol Kyla Wykoff Abstract Aspirin and Tylenol were synthesized by means of crystallization‚ recrystallization‚ and melting point determination. Synthesis produced significantly high percent yields for aspirin‚ however‚ produced extremely low and impure percent yields for Tylenol. A second group was also used to compare results and errors‚ in which they too were also producing extremely low percent yields of Tylenol. Therefore‚ error was based on the specific protocol
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PRELIMINERIES Due to highly development of chemical and biochemical industries‚ acetic acid has largely produced to fulfil the needs of world demand in production of daily used products and for pharmaceutical needs. Therefore‚ this study is carried out to introduce the production of acetic acid using biological pathways which includes the used of microorganisms. In this chapter will briefly explained on the knowledge about acetic acid and the microorganism. The chemical and biochemical pathways of production
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Organic Synthesis of Aspirin Abstract The purpose of this experiment is to synthesize a common organic product called acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin)‚ and to become familiar with the optimum conditions needed for successful yields. Aspirin is produced from an acid catalyzed reaction between salicylic acid with acetic anhydride. The crystalline aspirin is synthesized and purified by recrystallization‚ although there is not a hundred percent yield due to sources of error. Introduction Aspirin is a
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Gram Staining of Bacteria Since bacteria is really small microbiologist use stains to help them see bacteria more clearly under the microscope. Many of the stains they use color the bacteria cells directly and are called direct stains. Bacteria cells have a slightly negative charge while direct stains have a slightly positive charge that helps the stain bin to the bacteria. The strength of the binding from the stains depends on the make-up of the cell wall itself. Gram staining is the most helpful
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SYNTHESIS OF THE PHARMACEUTICAL ASPIRIN (ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID) AIM: The aim for this experiment was to synthesise a small amount of aspirin with salicylic acid as the starting product and sulphuric acid as the catalyst. The product obtained from this reaction will be impure and will need to be purified. This will be done by recrystallization. We will then record the products’ melting point and calculate the yield in order to determine the degree of purity of the aspirin sample. Diagrammatic scheme
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Laboratory(TFMB1001) Report Experiment Tittle Gram stain Experiment Date 24October2014 Submission Date 31October2014 Students Name Tittle Gram stain. Objectives Aim of this experiment is to differentiate between the two major categories of bacteria ‚ gram positive and gram negative. Through this experiment‚ gram staining skills develop. More understanding the types and morphology of bacteria. Expected experimental result‚ Escherichia coli (E.coli ) is a negative gram bacteria which stain pink colour
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