largest 4 firms in an industry. Formula: CR4= Σ4i=1 si Calculation: (11‚834‚883 + 3‚845‚900 + 3‚696‚800 + 3‚650‚647) / 44‚582‚621 = 0.5165292996 = 0.516 (3dp) =51% Analysis: As the four firm concentration ratio is >50% this insinuates that this market structure is that of an oligopoly. Calculating the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) Definition: The HHI is a concentration measure based on the sum of the squared market shares of all the firms in the industry. Formula:
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Carbonated Soft Drink‚ Ready-to-Eat Breakfast Cereal and Specialty Coffee Industries Using Porters Five Forces Michael Porter’s framework describes an industry as being influenced by five forces: buyer power‚ supplier power‚ threat of substitutes‚ threat of new entrants and the degree of rivalry between existing firms within the industry. A strategic business manager can use Porter’s model to more clearly understand the industry environment in which its firm operates and to therefore develop a competitive
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recommendations concerning additional areas (with some examples of performance measures) that your organisation could include in their Balanced Scorecard. Airline industry is very competitive as Jetstar isn’t the only Domestic Flight dominating the market. Porter’s Five- Forces Model is used to analyse the intensity and profitability of this industry. In order to illustrate Jetstar’s competitive advantage over its competitors‚ Porter’s Five Forces evaluation is assessed below. Porter’s Five Forces model
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Chemical reactions * Chemical reactions occur when substances undergo chemical changes to form new substances * Production of gas and change of color are sings of chemical reactions * Chemical reactions rearrange atoms * A reactant is a substance or molecule that participates in a chemical reaction * A product is a substance that forms in a chemical reaction Energy and Reactions * Energy must be added to break bonds. * Many forms of energy can be used to break bonds:
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Arthur Huignard MSc PPMBD Final Research Proposal TOPIC: Marketing’s role in the publishing industry: the new place for the e-books 1. Introduction For the past five thousand years‚ the History of mankind has been saved and remembered thanks to the paper. Since around 3400 BCE‚ the ancient Sumer of Mesopotamia created the first letters recognized nowadays as the precursor of the writing. Therefore‚ human beings used to always look at books and former writings to learn about their
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Chemical equilibrium is a state of balance within a system of chemical reactions. Equilibrium in chemistry is achieved when substances are produced and broken down at the same rate and thus‚ the number of molecules of each substances becomes constant. Thermodynamics is a branch of physical science that involves the relationship between heat and other forms of energy (Energy‚ Enthalpy‚ and the First Law of Thermodynamics). There is a more specific area of thermodynamics that explicitly pertains to
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There are many types of chemical reactions‚ five general ones of which I will be describing. Chemical changes are a result of chemical reactions. All chemical reactions involve a change in substances and a change in energy. Neither matter nor energy is created or destroyed in a chemical reaction‚ only changed. There are so many chemical reactions that it is helpful to classify them into 5 general types‚ which include the following: synthesis‚ combustion‚ decomposition‚ single-replacement‚ and double-replacement
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Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited COMPANY PROFILE Engro Chemical Pakistan Limited is the second largest producer of Urea fertilizer in Pakistan. The company was incorporated in 1965 and was formerly Exxon Chemical Pakistan Limited until 1991‚ when Exxon decided to divest their fertilizer business on a global basis and sold off its equity of 75% shares in company. The Employees of Engro‚ in partnership with leading international and local financial institutions bought out Exxon’s equity and
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directions can be harmful or even fatal. Product Safety Not following the directions on a bottle of medication can lead to poisoning‚ overdosing‚ or clashes with other medicines‚ which could kill you. Not following instructions on products like caustic chemicals or aerosols could cause accidents‚ injuries or death. Education Students should learn how to follow directions so they can learn how to perform skills efficiently. According to Education World‚ if students don’t learn‚ teachers waste time fixing
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Chapter 04 - Fundamentals of Cost Analysis for Decision Making 4-61. (continued) Incremental Cash Flow – Alternative A Make Containers and Perform Maintenance Year of Operation 2 3 0 Buy GHL Tax savings on purchase Cash flow on purchase Other materials Labor: Supervisor Labor: Workers Rent: Warehouse Maintenance Other expenses Manager’s salary Total costs Tax savings Cash flow due to costs Tax effects of depreciation Tax effect of GHL costs Total cash flow Discount rate factor (10%) Present
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