bipolar cell and finally On and Off center ganglion cells that carry the action potential to the cortex. When light comes to the retina (eyes) it causes closing of channels in the photoreceptor‚ there is no Ca2+ (calcium) influx‚ therefore‚ no neurotransmitter release (glutamate). While in the dark‚ is the opposite to light‚ channels are open‚ permitting the release of glutamate into the cells. Figure 1‚ briefly shows the process of when light and no light is
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Hayes Bonus assignment April 17‚ 2012 Acetylcholine Acetylcholine better known as ACh is a neurotransmitter that is produced by cholinergic neurons. Nerves that rely on Ach are classified as cholinergic nerves. Acetylcholine is found in both the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. Acetylcholine can also be found in the autonomic nervous system and is the only neurotransmitter used in motor division of the somatic nervous system. In the peripheral nervous system acetylcholine
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Biological Approach to Depression The biological approach is based on the idea that depression has a physical or organic cause. One explanation suggests that some people are simply more genetically inclined to develop depression‚ as Hecimovic suggested that it was caused by a mutation in the 5-HTT gene‚ which was responsible for coding for serotonin production‚ and that this mutation is inherited. Family studies‚ twin studies and adoption studies have all helped support the role of genetics in
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me tell you how our body respond to energy drinks. BODY I. Energy drinks have caffeine a. Caffeine causes the following physiological effects: a.i. It stimulates the central nervous system (CNS) resulting in alertness. a.ii. It releases neurotransmitters (particularly acetylcholine) producing excitement. a.iii. It causes the pituitary gland to release adrenaline. a.iii.1. Adrenaline increases the heartbeat and causes the liver to release glucose into blood for higher energy. a.iii.2. Adrenaline
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person’s behavior‚ but I don’t personally believe that it changes a person’s behavior. One hormone that can drastically influence a person’s mood and may severely influence (but not control) a person’s behavior is called serotonin. Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that has also been described by the term the “mood molecule.” Scientific study has determined that serotonin can set a person’s emotional tone. It doesn’t necessarily decide how a person is going to act‚ but it gives a basis for people to be
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The biological explanation for Anorexia Nervosa focuses on the role of neurotransmitters. It suggests disturbances in the levels of serotonin and dopamines are characteristic of anorexia. Bailer et al compared serotonin activity in women recovering from restricting anorexia with those recovering from purging type anorexia with a healthy control group. They found that the group recovering from purging type anorexia had higher serotonin activity. They also found the highest levels of serotonin in women
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EXERCISE 6: CARDIOVASCULAR PHYSIOLOGY |ACTIVITY 1: Investigating the Refractory Period of |Answers | |Cardiac Muscle | | |Which of the following types of muscle tissue can depolarize spontaneously in the |C- Cardiac Muscle
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intended to present the fundamental biological principles of psychobiology/behavioral neuroscience to science undergraduate students. This course will cover the concepts of cellular and structural anatomy and physiology of the nervous system; the neurotransmitter systems and psychopharmacology; the functional anatomy of sensory systems‚ including vision‚ audition‚ olfaction‚ gustation and somatosensattion; and the motor system. Prerequisites: General Psychology (PSY1012) is a required prerequisite
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|α cells |Cells in the islets of Langerhans that release glucagon in response to low blood glucose levels. | |Acetylcholine |A neurotransmitter (transmitter substance) found in cholinergic synapses. | |Acetylcholinesterase |An enzyme in the synaptic cleft that breaks down the transmitter substance acetylcholine. | |Actin |A protein
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Presynaptic: On the presynaptic dopaminergic neuron‚ lithium in acute administrations‚ inhibits the release of DA by binding onto the dopamine-specific (D1-D5) autoreceptors (Prasad‚ 2010). These autoreceptors serve as a mechanistic negative feedback loop that controls the release of DA and regulates its levels in the synaptic cleft. Lithium acts as an agonist on these autoreceptors and therefore inhibits the turnover of DA resulting in either increased reuptake or inhibited release from the presynaptic
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