10/22/2012 Communication Along and Between Neurons (Ch.6) • Receptors receive stimuli‚ and convert them to nerve impulses • Alternating graded and all-or-none signals on the membrane of a single neuron • Graded potentials decay with distance (electrotonic conduction); longdistance transmission depend on transforming signals to APs • Typically‚ alternating electric (within neuron) and chemical signals (between neurons) • Postsynaptic potential affected by number and frequency of APs
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The nervous system is the most important system in the body. It transmits impulses to and from the brain. Disruption of the nerve cells and fibers that transmit the messages severely impairs the body’s ability to carry out complex function. Once a disruption occurs‚ one may never recover and neurological function will steadily degrade. Multiple Sclerosis is a disease that disrupts this network. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is the most common disabling neurological disease in young adults between 20 and
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Exercise 25 Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium Answers to Pre-Lab Quiz (pp. 383–384) 1. three 2. a‚ auricle 3. tympanic membrane 4. d‚ stapes 5. a‚ cochlea 6. otoscope 7. b‚ Rinne 8. b‚ internal ear 9. macula/vestibule 10. c‚ involuntary trailing of eyes in one direction‚ then rapid movement in the other Answers to Activity Questions Activity 4: Conducting Laboratory Tests of Hearing (pp. 387–388) Acuity Test The threshold is indefinite. Sound Localization No‚ the sound is less easily located
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Minerals Calcium and phosphorous are major structural elements in bones and teeth. Calcium is needed for the muscles‚ helping in the relaxation and constriction of blood vessels to regulate blood flow‚ assisting with the transmission of nerve impulses and aiding in muscle contraction. Phosphorus is necessary for the structure of cell membranes and vital to energy production and storage in the body. Iron is necessary for the transportation of oxygen throughout the body‚ as well as energy metabolism
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TRUE/FALSE. Write ’T’ if the statement is true and ’F’ if the statement is false. 1)Hematopoiesis refers to the formation of blood cells within the red marrow cavities of certain bones. 1) T 2) Bones are classified by whether they are weight-bearing or protective in function. 2) F 3) The trabeculae of spongy bone are oriented toward lines of stress. 3) F MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 4) The cell responsible for secreting
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Cerebral Cortex does: Thinking‚ reasoning‚ learning‚ senses‚ voluntary muscle contraction‚ problem solving and memory‚ intelligence‚ sense of responsibility‚ perception. Three types of area in the cerebral cortex and functions: Sensory: Interpret impulses from receptors Motor: Control muscular movements Association: Concerned with intellectual and emotional processes 6. Location of the cerebellum: Under the rear part of the cerebrum. Located right at the back of the brain. Has to receive sensory
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CHAPTER 2: THE BIOLOGY OF MIND CHAPTER OBJECTIVES 1. Explain why psychologists are concerned with human biology. 2. Describe the structure of a neuron‚ and explain how neural impulses are generated. 3. Describe how nerve cells communicate‚ and discuss the impact of neurotransmitters and drugs on human behavior. 4. Identify the major divisions of the nervous system and describe their functions‚ noting the three types of neurons that transmit information through the system
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PSYCH STUDY GUIDE Neonatal Reflexes: Babinsk: big toe lifts‚ other toes fan out Moro Reflex: arms fling out and grab something when child feels like he’s falling Palmer Grasp: touch a baby’s palms and his hand closes Planter Grasp Sucking- doesn’t need to learn how to breast feed Rooting Withdrawal – reaction to pain Vigotsky’s Theory Focuses more on cultural impact on human development Believed children actively seek to discover new principles (like Piaget) Zone of proximal
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chapter 2 chapter outline module 5 Neurons: The Basic Elements of Behavior The Structure of the Neuron How Neurons Fire Where Neurons Connect to One Another: Bridging the Gap Neurotransmitters: Multitalented Chemical Couriers module 6 module 7 The Brain The Nervous System and the Endocrine System: Communicating within the Body The Nervous System The Endocrine System: Of Chemicals and Glands Studying the Brain’s Structure and Functions: Spying on the Brain The Central Core:
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What is psychology? The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Development of psychology as a science Wilhelm Wundt founded the first psychology laboratory. Student of Wudnt ’s‚ E.B. Titchner named Wundt ’s approach structuralism. William James gave field an "American Stamp‚" invented functionalism Contemporary approaches to psychology Biological Approach (focus on the body) Neuroscience Behavioral Approach (behavioral responses and their environmental determinants) Psychodynamic
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