Schematic: Theory: A Light emitting diode (LED) is essentially a pn junction diode. When carriers are injected across a forward-biased junction‚ it emits incoherent light. Most of the commercial LEDs are realized using a highly doped n and a p Junction. Figure 1: p-n+ Junction under Unbiased and biased conditions. (pn Junction Devices and Light Emitting Diodes by Safa Kasap) To understand the principle‚ let’s consider an unbiased pn+ junction (Figure1 shows the pn+ energy band diagram). The
Premium
killed in road traffic accidents‚ and more than 1 million are injured each year at a cost‚ which is estimated to exceed the total European Union budget by a factor of two. The majority of accidents involving injury occur within urban areas often at junctions‚ while the number of fatalities outside these areas is greater‚ largely as a result of higher speed. Traffic safety research has shown a biased interest in the problems associated with motorway and rural areas in the past. There are many reasons
Premium Road Tram accident Road transport
Noah Borel Thermometers A thermometer is a device or instrument used for measuring temperature. There are many different types of thermometers; however each one is based on a physical property of a thermometric (temperature measuring) substance that differs in a measurable way with temperature. Some of the physical properties that vary with temperature are volume‚ resistance and color. A physical property that increases or decreases with temperature can be used to measure temperature.
Premium Temperature
Theses risk factors can be divided into different categories such as: anatomical‚ neuromuscular‚ hormonal‚ genetic‚ cognitive functioning‚ previous injury history and extrinsic risk factors (Smith et al.‚ 2012). Intervention strategies to prevent ACL injuries should focus on reducing the external load applied to the knee joint by changing
Premium Knee Anterior cruciate ligament Ligament
1/03/13 Introduction to Pharmacology II Targets of Drug Action March 5 How do drugs work? | Nearly all drugs act by interfering or inhibiting natural processes which are required for normal physiological function but which may have been disrupted by disease. | Paul Ehrlich 1845-1915 | Observed that certain chemicals or drugs bound in a selective manner to some but not all cells. He recognised that the cells must have chemical recognition sites for these drugs. The concept of a “receptor”
Premium Pharmacology Autonomic nervous system Acetylcholine
The spine is a series of vertebrae extending from your skull to your lower back. It provides support for your skeletal structure‚ and ensures safety for the spinal cord. Having a straight spine is the normal situation for most of us‚ but there are people whose spines are not straight. These people are diagnosed with scoliosis. Scoliosis is not a disease‚ but is a term that is used to define a person with an abnormal spine. A normal spine typically appears straight. When the natural straight pattern
Premium Vertebral column Scoliosis Human anatomy
exercises • Teaching patient independence with bed mobility and transfers • Pre-operative activity and exercise programme to include quadriceps strengthening – there is evidence that this improves function post-operatively (McHugh et al‚ 2008) • Neuromuscular stimulation (NMT) if appropriate - there is evidence that this improve quadriceps function pre-operatively (Walls et al‚ 2008) • Education - pre-operative education can reduce anxiety and improve post-operative outcomes‚ especially with respect
Premium Orthopedic surgery Knee
THERMAL DETECTORS INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL ENGINEERING MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION • Temperature – Is a measure of the kinetic energy of the material in question • Kinetic energy is a measure of the activity of the atoms of any material – The measure of the speed of an atom or molecules which they move. – expressed in terms of any of several arbitrary scales‚ such as Fahrenheit‚ Celsius‚ or Kelvin Measuring Device • Thermal Detectors – An instrument or device which quantifies temperature
Premium Thermocouple
A hybrid nanomemristor/transistor logic circuit capable of self-programming Julien Borghetti‚ Zhiyong Li‚ Joseph Straznicky‚ Xuema Li‚ Douglas A. A. Ohlberg‚ Wei Wu‚ Duncan R. Stewart‚ and R. Stanley Williams1 Information and Quantum Systems Lab‚ Hewlett-Packard Laboratories‚ 1501 Page Mill Road‚ Palo Alto‚ CA 94304 Edited by Konstantin Likharev‚ State University of New York‚ Stony Brook University‚ and accepted by the Editorial Board December 19‚ 2008 (received for review July 9‚ 2008) Memristor
Premium Integrated circuit Transistor MOSFET
Class | Drugs | MOA | Indications | Contraindications | Drug Effects/Interactions | Adverse Rxns | Unique | Beta1 Adrenergic Sympathomimetics | Dopamine/Intropin (neurotransmitter/catecholemine) | * Dopamin is the only receptor to stimulate these site * A precursor in synthesis of NE * Action: Beta agonist/alpha agonist- dose dependentDopaminergic | * Dilate renal blood vessels‚ brain‚ mesentery and heart vessels increased blood flow * Stimulate alpha/beta receptors/vasoconstrictor
Premium Epinephrine Neuron Dopamine