Football players more likely to develop neurodegenerative disease‚ study finds By Nadia Kounang‚ CNN updated 4:38 PM EDT‚ Wed September 5‚ 2012 [pic] (CNN) -- Just hours before the 2012 NFL season kicks off‚ a new study suggests that professional football players are three times more likely to have neurodegenerative diseases than the general population. When researchers specifically looked at Alzheimer’s disease and ALS -- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis‚ also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease
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CHAPTER 2 THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS 2.1. Review of the Literature 2.1.1. Taxonomical Classification Kingdom: Plantae Subkingdom: Tracheobionta Superdivision: Spermatophyta Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Subclass: Asteridae Order: Rubiales Family: Rubiaceae Genus: Mussaenda L. Species: Mussaenda philippica A. Rich 2.1.2. Botanical Description Doña Aurora (Mussaenda philippica A. Rich.)‚ also known as the “Queen of the Philippines”
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Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases The McGovern Institute claims‚ “Brain disorders are among the most serious health problems facing modern society” (“Neurodegenerative Diseases and Brain Injury”). The term neurodegenerative refers to the progressive breakdown of nerve cells (Mandal). Due to the aging population‚ the demand for a definitive cure is on the rise. To date‚ a cure for this condition has not been discovered. However‚ research has revealed preventative measures that decrease a
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impairment of neuronal and synaptic function in addition to the accumulation of β-amyloid plaque and formation of neurofibrillary tangles within distinct portions of the brain (De Strooper and Annaert‚ 2000). Progression of this distinct pathology of neurodegeneration does not typically vary from patient to patient‚ beginning in cerebral cortex before targeting the hippocampus‚ neocortex as well as the sub-cortical nuclei (Braak and Braak‚ 1995). The role of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the pathogenesis
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inherited‚ meaning that an individual who has a parent with Huntington’s will have a fifty percent chance of inheriting the gene‚ which will in turn will eventually lead to the onset of the disease (Oster‚ Shoulson‚ & Dorsey‚ 2013). It is the neurodegeneration of the brain‚ but have more specifically been found in the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex (de Paula‚ Concalves‚ & Vieira‚ 2015). The huntingtin gene (HTT) is the instruction manual to produce the protein huntingtin‚ which helps neurons in
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Brains from patients with HD show neuronal degeneration‚most prominently in the striatum. The mechanism of neuronal degeneration is uncertainbut mitochondrial dysfunction may be one of the importantcontributors to neuronal dysfunction and finally neurodegeneration in HD.(5-7) Ethyl-eicosapentaenoate (ethyl-EPA) is a semisynthetic‚highly
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Trisakti University of Medicine I Made Setiadji 030.09.114 Jakarta‚ June 14th 2012 Abstract A majority of Parkinson’s disease patients had insufficient levels of vitamin D. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common form of neurodegeneration in the elderly population. In PD‚ one’s levels of dopamine are lowered because the nerve cells which make the chemical have either died or lost their usual functioning. Clinically‚ it is characterized by tremor‚ rigidity‚ slowness of movement
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pain and sleep disorders. In addition‚ and importantly for licensing‚ the following other areas remain of high interest for focused investment in new compounds and mechanisms: antibiotics‚ antifungals‚ antivirals (HCV and HIV)‚ asthma‚ COPD‚ neurodegeneration‚ ophthalmology‚ osteoporosis‚ schizophrenia‚ and stroke. In RNA Therapeutics they are interested in: siRNA sequence‚ structure‚ and modification Novel chemistries for improving resistance to enzymatic degradation Novel chemistries
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Recent advances in technology permit measurement of characteristics of the nerve fibres that make up the optic nerve. One of these is SD-OCT(Fig2)‚ a non contact‚ non-invasive method that enables physicians to obtain in vivo‚ high resolution (upto 5 microns) cross-sectional images of the retina. It is based on principle of low-coherence interferometry(Fig 3). By imaging a 3D cube of data it allows a detailed evaluation of the peripapillary area. Fig 2 : Cirrus HD OCT machine In low-coherence interferometry
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midbrain dopamine centers. When these ligand-gated receptors are activated‚ they cause depolarization and the increase of both intraneuronal calcium levels and neurotransmitter release probability. Activation of nAChRs allows for the prevention of neurodegeneration by mechanisms involving the activation of pro-survival signaling factors (14). Nicotine can also stimulate cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathways (11). The vagus nerve can cause peripheral release of acetylcholine that in turn activates the cholinergic
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