RESTING POTENTIAL Resting potential is the membrane potential when a neuron is not conducting any electrical impulse or signal. The resting potential is around -75 mV. During resting potential‚ the inside of the axon is negative GRADED POTENTIAL ACTION POTENTIAL Action potential is a fleeting reversal of the membrane potential‚ caused by changes in permeability of the plasma membrane of neuron to potassium and sodium ions causing an electrical impulse to be transmitted along the axon.
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NERVOUS SYSTEM OUTLINE I. Nervous System = 2 Parts A. Central Nervous System (CNS) 1. Brain 2. Spinal Cord B. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) 1. Nerves to parts of the body 2. Nerves from parts of the body C. Functions 1. Sensory a. receptors for stimuli (receive stimulus) b. peripheral nerves (carry impulses to CNS) c. activities monitored 1) light intensity (visual) 2) sound intensity (auditory) 3) temperature 4) oxygen concentration 5) internal fluid conditions 2. Motor a
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THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM Every behavior begins with biology. Our behaviors‚ as well as our thoughts and feelings‚ are produced by the actions of our brains‚ nerves‚ muscles‚ and glands. In this chapter we will begin our journey into the world of psychology by considering the biological makeup of the human being‚ including the most remarkable of human organs—the brain. We’ll consider the structure of the brain and also the methods that psychologists use to study the brain and to understand how it
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Chapter 12: Nervous Tissue - The nervous system includes all nervous tissue in the body -Neural tissue contains two types of cells: 1) neurons (10% of all neurons‚ conduct nerve impulses) 2) neuroglia (support neurons) -We have 100 billion neurons -Organs of the nervous system: brain‚ spinal cord‚ sensory receptors of sense organs (eyes‚ ears‚ etc.)‚ and nerves (connects the nervous system with other systems‚ bundle of neurons that relay information) -Functions of the nervous system: 1) sensory
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The Nervous System: Ion Channels 1. What structures in the cell membrane function as ion channels? Intergral Proteins 2. Ion channels are selective for specific ions. What three characteristics of the ions are important for this selectivity? a. Charge on ion (+ or -) b.Size c. The amount of water the Ion attracts 3. Channels can be classified as either gated or nongated channels. A sodium channel that is always open would be classified as a/an non-gated channel. 4. Would
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14: The Autonomic Nervous System Objectives Introduction 1. Define autonomic nervous system and explain its relationship to the peripheral nervous system. 2. Compare the somatic and autonomic nervous systems relative to effectors‚ efferent pathways‚ and neurotransmitters released. 3. Compare and contrast the functions of the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions. ANS Anatomy 4. For the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions‚ describe the site of CNS origin‚ locations of ganglia
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The nervous system comprises the central nervous system which is made up of the brain and spinal cord‚ with the main functions being processing information and determining responses and the peripheral nervous systems which is made up of all sensory‚ motor and inter neurons within the body and these are located on peripheral nerves. All of them work together to collect sensory data and also control the actions of the body. Sensory neurons collect sensory information and convey it to the brain‚ and
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Lab IX: Nervous System Histology and Spinal Cord Part II: Neurons and nerve struture 1.) There are three types of neurons. The first is the multipolar‚ which is the most common‚ and they are found as motor neurons and interneurons throughout the central nervous system. The second type of neuron is the unipolar neuron‚ which are also called psuedounipolar neurons. They are found as spinal and cranial sensory neurons. The last neuron is the bipolar neuron. They are only found in olfactory‚ visual
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(Total: 6 marks) 16.2 Nervous coordination A. Questions 1. (a) motor neurone (1 mark) (1 mark) (b) A – cell body (1 mark) B – axon / nerve fibre (1 mark) C – myelin sheath (1 mark) (c) C is made of fat. (1 mark) It prevents the spread of nerve impulses and helps speed up the rate of transmission of nerve impulses. (1 mark) (d) X is an effector. (1 mark) e.g. muscle / gland (1 mark) (Total: 9 marks) 2. (a) Central nervous system (1 mark) (b) brain (1
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Chapter 16 The Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic (Thoraco-lumbar) division Parasympathetic (Cranial-sacral) division Somatic Motor vs Visceral Motor ■ ■ ■ ■ Somatic motor is directed from cortical levels to skeletal muscles and is voluntary. Visceral motor is directed from hypothalamus and midbrain and is involuntary‚ but has input from cortex and thalamus. Somatic lower motor neuron is in ventral horn of gray matter and neurotransmitter at skeletal muscle is Ach. Visceral motor comes from
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