Chapter Outline Chapter 2 I. Developmental theories and the issues they raise A. The Importance of Theories 1. Guides the collection of new information a. what is most important to study b. what can be hypothesized or predicted c. how it should be studied B. Qualities of a Good Theory 1. Internally consistent-- its different parts are not contradictory 2. Falsifiable-- generates testable hypotheses 3. Supported by data-- describes‚ predicts‚ and explains human development C. Four Major
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Outline and evaluate the behavioural approach to abnormality. (12 marks) The behavioural approach suggests that all behaviour is learnt. This includes abnormal behaviours. Behaviours can be learned through classical conditioning‚ operant conditioning or modelling. Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning‚ where learning results from the association of stimuli with reflex responses. Classical conditioning can be used to explain the development of many abnormal behaviours‚ including phobias
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Unit 3 Review Guide Pg 565 Chapter 14: Personality Psychodynamic Theory Be familiar with how the Id‚ Ego‚ & Superego are said to keep balance. Know what principles each work under and why they often have conflicts Id- the unconscious portion of personality that contains basic impulses and urges. Here in the id exists the eros‚ life instincts(these promote positive energy or libido)‚ and also the death instincts‚ or Thantos responsible for aggression and destructiveness. The id wants to operate
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Psychoanalysis in past and recent years use by counselor and therapist The International Psychoanalytical Association (IPA) is the world’s primary accrediting and regulatory body for psychoanalysis. Well‚ their mission is to assure the continued vigor and development of psychoanalysis for the benefit of psychoanalytic patients. It works in partnership with its 70 constituent organizations in 33 countries to support 11‚500 members. In the US‚ there are 77 psychoanalytical organizations‚ institutes
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creates and provides an atmosphere of trust which has been described as an aspect of an intimate relationship (Monsour‚ 1992). This essay will focus on the relationship process in different counselling approaches; namely Existential counselling‚ Psychodynamic counselling and Person-Centred counselling. It will aim to understand the process and therapeutic approach used in counselling and how the relationship between client-counsellor evolves and what effect this will have on the outcome. Throughout
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highlighting the main ideas and focus of their theories and subsequently coming to an informative decision as to who provides the better approach. This is achieved by pinpointing criticisms that hinder their reasoning‚ practicality and efficiency. ‘Psychodynamic theories embrace all the diverse theories descended from the work of Sigmund Freud‚ which focuses on unconscious mental forces and asserts the idea that behaviour is caused by internal‚ mental mechanisms’ (Weiten‚ 2001‚ p. 488). Freud’s (1901‚
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clinical psychology include psychodynamic‚ cognitive-behavioral‚ humanistic‚ and family systems approaches. Each approach reflects the theory of various icons in psychology’s history and whereas each theory has its pros and cons‚ the most important element in the clinical setting is the client. Although approaches differ in technique and strategy‚ providing the optimum experience for the client should transcend preference for one theoretical platform over another. Psychodynamic Approach Philosophical
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Question 1: Describe factors the guide decision making and explain how overconfidence‚ belief perseverance and framing can affect judgement. When we make decisions we do so usually using concepts which are mental groupings of similar things (Myers & Dewall‚ 2004‚ p. 357). We draw our concepts from prototypes which are out best mental representation of something within a grouping. When I am at work‚ and a guest would like a room key‚ instead of asking the guest all of the names on the arrivals to
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help to understand a person‚ we do need to compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each theory in order to work out which is more beneficial for the subject. In this instance‚ it is possible for me to discuss Behaviourism and Psychodynamic approaches. One of the main psychologists in recent history is John B. Watson (1878 - 1958). Watson was responsible for creating Behaviourism by developing on theories discovered by earlier psychologist Pavlov (1849 - 1936). This phenomenon had
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fall into yet another class of things. Models of Abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. The four main models to explain psychological abnormality are the Biological‚ Behavioural‚ Humanistic‚ and Psychodynamic models. They all attempt to explain the causes and cures for all psychological illnesses‚ and all from a different approach. 1. The Biological (Medical) Model The medical of abnormality model has dominated the psychiatric profession since the
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