TITLE PAGE PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SODIUM SALICYLATE OINTMENT INTENDED FOR TOPICAL AND SYSTEMIC DELIVERY BY MUOBIKE MAKUO 2005/136609 IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF PHARMACY (B. PHARM) OF THE UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICAL TECHNOLOGY FACULTY OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA‚ NSUKKA. PROJECT SUPERVISOR: DR. I. V. ONYISHI OCTOBER‚ 2012. APPROVAL PAGE This is to certify
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Experiment: The OH group on the benzene ring in salicyclic acid reacts with acetic anhydride to form an ester functional group. Thus the formation of acetylsalicyclic acid (aspirin) is referred to as an esterification reaction‚ which requires the presence of H+ (H2SO4 in our case). The technique used to purify the aspirin content is called crystallization‚ which consists in allowing the reaction to cool‚ decreasing the solubility of acetylsalicyclic acid and allowing it to crystalize. To purify the product
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ANALYSIS OF ASPIRIN: SPECTROPHOTOMETRY The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the percent aspirin on a commercial aspirin tablet using an instrumental method‚ spectrophotometry. In a spectrophotometer‚ light from a strong lamp passes through a monochromator‚ which breaks the light into its component colors using a grating‚ then uses mirrors and slits to direct a light beam of the desired wavelength through the sample compartment‚ where you place a tube (cuvette) of solution. A detector
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commercial tablet to be determined‚ different solutions of acetylsalicylic acid mixed with NaOH were created at different concentrations. All the different solutions were then analysed using Novaspec photometer‚ which allowed for a graph to be created and a line of best fit to be made. The amount of aspirin in a commercial tablet was found to be 350mg. Introduction The molecular formula for aspirin‚ also known as acetylsalicylic acid‚ is C9H8O4. It is most commonly used as an anti-inflammatory‚ fever and
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Head & shoulder a brand owned by Proctor & Gamble was established in the 1950’s and has strived to create a formula for a shampoo that can get rid of dandruff (Headandshoulders 2011). Head & Shoulders differentiate from other brands because it does not only just help eliminate dandruff it also helps maintain the basic needs of people’s hair such as fighting of dryness‚ relieving of irritation‚ control of oil and maintenance of silky hair. Head & Shoulders was recommended by 82% of its members of
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down a Coke+burrito with zero intestinal discomfort‚ hardly any gas at all. I’ve repeated this experiment reliably several times‚ and outdoor light exposure is like a light switch (heh!) on my ability to digest legumes. I speculate that the growth in acid reflux disease (and the esophageal cancer it can lead to) is probably another result of living in dim light during the day that produces carbohydrate malabsorption. The unfortunate thing is‚ although the pill-free cure for my acne is conceptually
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lab to observe the various melting points of Naphthalene and Biphenyl when the percentage of composition was altered. A eutectic point of 45 °C at 52% Naphthalene was determined from the class data. An unknown crystalline substance was identified to be Benzophenone by mixing and finding its melting point with known substances. Introduction Organic compounds are categorized by their physical properties and/or chemical reactions. Naphthalene is classified as an aromatic hydrocarbon that
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08/02/2009 Synthesis of Acetyl salicylic acid (Aspirin) Abstract Introduction: The following report contains information on how to produce aspirin. The experiment has been carried out on a small laboratory scale. The experiment starts by combining such chemicals such as salicylic acid and acetic anhydride. The synthesis of aspirin is classified as an esterification reaction. This is a substitution reaction where the alcohol group from salicylic acid reacts with ascetic anhydride to form
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Aspirin (ASA) is one of the most commonly used medication in our lives.it is found as analgesic and pain killer in 1899; today‚ it has developed other uses in addition to pain relief‚ such as reduction of inflammation and swelling‚ cancer prevention and treatment for heart attack and stroke. Especially‚ its effect on preventing and treating heart attack has been proven outstanding and efficient. Since aspirin is also an anti-coagulant‚ which means it lubricates the blood and effectively prevents
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Abstract The scope of this paper focuses on Salbutamol as a drug and the mechanisms behind; 1) The drug function. 2) Development of drug resistance. 3) The clinical features of drug resistant individuals. 4) How to diagnose them. 5) Management of these patients. Salbutamol resistance Salbutamol is a beta 2 adrenergic receptor agonist that is short acting and used in the management of conditions that cause bronchospasms/bronchoconstriction. These conditions mainly include
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