Charles Darwin; the creator and innovator of the theory of evolution deemed the application of human skills of creating of fire the second powerful accomplishment of humankind (Falk‚2012). During the Ice Age‚ Hominidae first learned of natural fires caused by lightnings and used it to their advantage. Our ancestors capability to start a fire help them survived in the extreme weather during the Ice Age (Ancient History‚2010). The Earth’s temperature during the Ice Age was about -11.1 degrees Celsius
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Unknown 2 Scheme “ Fair game” ions Cations: Na+‚ K+‚ NH4+ ‚ Ca2+‚ Mg(OH2)62+ ‚ Al(OH2)63+ Anions: SO42-‚ HSO4-‚ NO3-‚ OH-‚ Cl-‚ CO32-‚ HCO3- Insoluble Compounds: Ca(OH)2‚ CaSO4•2H2O‚ CaCO3‚ MgCO3‚ Mg(OH)2 I. Describe Sample a. Quick description of sample. Ex: Phase‚ color‚ odor‚ crystalline‚ amorphous‚ gel-like‚ powdery‚ etc. II. Flame Test a. Part 1 i. Orange Flame: Na+ is present. K+ ‚ NH4+ ‚ Ca2+‚ Mg(OH2)62 ‚ Al(OH2)63+ may also be present. ii. Purple Flame: K+ is present (no Na+
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The Element: Chlorine General Information We researched the chemical element known as chlorine. Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic weight of 35.453. It has a valence number of 3. The element has 3 energy levels. Chlorine exists as a greenish-yellow gas at normal temperatures and pressures. Chlorine is second in reactivity only to fluorine among the halogen elements. Chlorine is a nonmetal. It is estimated that 0.045% of the earth’s crust and 1.9% of sea water are chlorine.
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Synthesis of t-Pentyl Chloride Introduction: Using SN1 reaction mechanism with hydrochloric acid‚ t-Pentyl alcohol was converted to t-Pentyl chloride in an acid catalyzed reaction. The reaction took place in a separatory funnel designed to separate immiscible liquids. The crude product was extracted by transferring a solute from one solvent to another. The process of washing the solutions by phase transfer was used in order to remove impurities from the main solvent layer. Finally‚ the crude
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Previously‚ Yeoh‚ & Wong (1993) reported the nutritional values of A. gangetica. Ogle et al.‚ 2001 reported the folate composition of A. gangetica. However‚ not much information on the utility of this leafy vegetable has been reported. To the best of our knowledge‚ there is no report on the optimization of polyphenols and their radical scavenging activities from the edible leaves of A. gangetica. Therefore‚ the main aim of this study is to optimize extraction conditions such as EtOH concentration
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Lab 5 DECOMPOSITION (Nov 2‚ 2011) Introduction: Decomposition is the breakdown of organic material into its smaller molecules and elements. (This term is generally considered as a biotic process but one may find it also used to describe an abiotic process‚ e.g.‚ due to weathering.) The decomposing organisms may use the release of elements for nutrients and by breaking apart the carbon-carbon bonds in organic matter this can release energy for them. These smaller molecules and nutrient elements
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Test #1 (Version 001) Page 3 of 8 (0.5 marks) What is the oxidation state of C in C2H5OH? A. B. C. D. E. −3 +6 +2 −4 −2 6. (0.5 marks) Which of the following combinations of solutions yields a precipitate? A. B. C. D. E. KNO3(aq) and CaCl2(aq) AgNO3(aq) and NH4Br(aq) Mg(NO3)2(aq) and Li2SO4(aq) More than one of these combinations yields a precipitate. None of these combinations yields a precipitate. 7. (0.5 marks) Is the reaction below a precipitation‚ an acid-base or an oxidation-reduction
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Bioresource Technology 100 (2009) 1192–1196 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Bioresource Technology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biortech Optimization of culture conditions for hydrogen production by Ethanoligenens harbinense B49 using response surface methodology Wan-Qian Guo a‚ Nan-Qi Ren a‚*‚ Xiang-Jing Wang b‚ Wen-Sheng Xiang b‚ Jie Ding a‚ Yang You a‚ Bing-Feng Liu a a b State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment‚ Harbin Institute of
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The purpose of this experiment was to observe the hypothesized correlation between ionic strength and degree of ionization of a weak acid‚ while determining the factors that would impact the degree of ionization using measurements of pH. It was initially required to prepare standard 20-mL solutions of varying concentration of acetic acid for use in the rest of the experiment. One solution of CH3COOH was supposedly developed to be 2.00M‚ however it is highly possible that the solutions of CH3COOH
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Maleic anhydride underwent the Dials-Alder reaction with distilled cyclopentadiene as the dienophile. The reaction was a cycloaddition which produced cis-Norbornene-5‚6-endo-dicarboxylic Anhydride surface. (1) Product one had a mass of 9.351 grams and product two had a mass of 9.572 grams. The theoretical yield was found to be 10.047 grams‚ which makes the percent yield to be 93.07%. Melting Points were found to confirm the purity of the product. Product one had a melting point of 163.7-164
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