Kleinert Name ____Brittany Ciupka_________ Case Studies – Unit #3 – 15 points (part of Exam #3 score) This assignment is due Monday‚ November 5th by midnight. -2 points will be deducted for each day it is late. Reminder : assignment must be submitted via Blackboard. It will not be accepted via e-mail or hard copy. Please let me know if you need a tutorial on how to submit via Blackboard. A 17-year-old male was working vigorously on a summer construction crew building a new section
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happens to muscle force production at extremes of length (too short or too long). (Hint: Think about sarcomere structure and actin and myosin interactions) Muscle too short: _Muscle force produced is reduced and they lose their strength as they cannot contract.___ Muscle too long: _Muscle force production is reduced because of insufficient overlap of actin and myosin. There isn’t maximal cross bridge formation.___ Terms 6. Select the LETTER of the condition from column B that most correctly
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Module Question Answer 8.1 (b) Describe the components of a synovial Joint‚ and identify the functions of each. Components of a synovial joint are: Fibrous articular capsule (or joint capsule)‚ which surrounds the joint Articular cartilages‚ which resemble hyaline cartilages and cover the articulating bone surfaces Synovial fluid‚ which is located within the joint cavity and provides lubrication‚ distributes nutrients‚ and absorbs shocks 8.2 (a) Identify the types of synovial joints based
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Chaper 11 1. Define responsiveness‚ conductivity‚ contractility‚ extensibility‚ and elasticity. State why each of these properties is necessary for muscle function. a. Responsiveness- is a property of all living cells- Muscle and nerve cells have developed this property to the highest degree. When stimulated by chemical signals‚ stretch‚ and other stimuli‚ muscle cells respond with electrical changes across the plasma membrane. b. Conductivity- Stimulation of a muscle cell produces
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I. Types of Muscles a. Skeletal i. Striated ii. Uses intracellular calcium to contact iii. Big cylindrical cells iv. Multi-nucleated v. Voluntary vi. Location: attached to the bone vii. Used for locomotion b. Cardiac i. Involuntary ii. Uni-nucleated iii. Striated iv. Location: walls of heart v. Used to propel blood vi. Uses extracellular calcium c. Smooth i. Involuntary ii. Location: Walls of hallow organs iii. Non-striated iv. Uses extracellular calcium v. Spindle shaped cells
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Lab 4: Skeletal Muscle Function Exercise 5: The Length-Tension Relationship Materials and Methods In this experiment I used a frog anesthetized with ms222. The frog’s skin is cut and removed from both the legs‚ the Achilles tendon is cut and the tendon and calf muscle are removed from the lower legs. The femur muscle is also cut. Attached to the legs are femur clamps which are connected to the transducer arm‚ stimulation electrodes are then positioned against the muscle. I plugged the output
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Describe all the parts of a sarcomere and their respective functions. The parts of a sarcomere can be detailed once the sarcomere is explained. Myofibrils are cylindrical structures that carry out contraction of the muscle. These muscle structures are composed of individual cylindrical subunits called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres are myofilaments that are contractile‚ repetitious functional units in muscle (Martini & Nath‚ 2009‚ p. 298). These myofilaments are the smallest operational/functional unit
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uncover actin-myosin binding sites and from cross-bridges that facilitate a muscle contraction. Ca2+ enters the sarcoplasm when DHP receptors on the t-tubules respond to an action potential and trigger the opening of ryanodine channels on the SR. Ca2+ gets cleared when calsequestrin triggers the Ca2+ channel to close‚ and the calcium is used up from a muscle contraction cycle. The role of Ca2+ is that it binds to troponin and removes tropomyosin from the binding sites for myosin on the actin myofilaments
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system‚ etc. 3. Cardiac Involuntary movement‚ found only in heart. Muscle Contraction Skeletal Muscle Muscle fibers Myofibrils Filaments Two types of filaments: - Thick: contain protein called myosin - Thin: contain protein called actin The alternation of myosin and actin form structures called striations. The energy for muscle contraction is supplied by ATP. Controlling Muscle Contraction Our muscle contractions are controlled by our nervous system. The nerve impulses in
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a joint to extend are called extensors‚ muscles which cause a limb to retract are called flexors. A Synovial Joint 2 5.7.2 - Explain the contraction of skeletal muscle in terms of the sliding filament theory (including the role of actin‚ myosin‚ troponin‚ tropomyosin‚ Ca2+‚ ATP). Muscles are made from muscle fibres arranged into bundles. Each fibre is made from bundles of myofibrils‚ which are extremely long‚ cylindrical muscle cells. A RRANGEMENT OF MYOFIBRILS INTO A MUSCLE FIBRE
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