INTRODUCTION Muscle action is often described as departures from the standard position of the body‚ the anatomical position. Muscle fiber is an interaction of organelles and molecules within myosin binds to actin and exerts a pulling action. The result of this movement with myofibrils in which the filaments of actin and myosin slide past one another. This action shortens or contracts muscle fiber so that it pulls on its attachment. Muscle are stimulated by a chemical reaction called acetylcholine‚ it synthesizes
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T-tubule + 2 terminal cisternae 7. Myofibrils consist of contractile proteins called myofilaments. Name the two types and what they’re composed of: Thin filament composed of protein actin Thick filament composed of protein myosin 8. Arrangement of myofilaments. Give the letter name of each band: Dark band ( A band Light band ( I band Match two definitions with each band: I Band - contains only thin filaments A Band-
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myofibrils are composed of two types of even tinier structure‚ the myofilaments. The thick myofilaments called myosin filaments consist mainly of the protein myosin. The actin filaments consist of the protein actin. Myosin and actin filaments are arranged lengthwise in the muscle fibers so that they overlap. During muscle contaction‚ the actin filaments are pulled inward between the myosin filaments. As that occurs; a nerve cell that stimulates a muscle releases a compound known as acetylcholine.
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Vertebrate Physiology Study Guide Last Part of Chapter 10 □ Cilia are specialized for odor detection (They have receptors and second messenger machinery □ Mucus from the olfactory glands traps odorants □ Linda Buck identified a large family of odorant receptor genes in rats(1‚000 types); belong to the G protein associated 7-transmembrane receptor family □We only have 400 odorant receptors; the olfactory system appears to use combinations of receptors(words) to greatly reduce the number of
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Anatomy) of the Muscle Contraction Within the muscle tissue there is a unique arrangement of myofilaments (actin and myosin) in a sequential order in the muscle fiber. Each packet of actin and myosin and their regulatory protiens (troponin and tropomysin and others) is called a sarcomere. The actin and its tropin-tropomyosin complex are thin strand referred to thin filaments. The myosin and its multiple heads are called the thick filament. Together they are referred to as Z-lines. In order for the
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unit of contraction with actin and myosin and z-lines on each side. Calcium binds to the troponin protein‚ located on the actin filament. This allows tropomyosin to move‚ exposing the myosin head binding sites on actin. When the myosin heads bind to actin‚ this is known as the cross bridge. ADP and Pi molecules are released‚ causing myosin to pull on actin. This movement is known as the power stroke. To stop the contraction‚ ATP binds to the myosin head‚ and myosin detaches from actin‚ stopping the
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myofibril‚ myofilaments; Small(+) Endomysium: Thin connective tissue investing each muscle cell. Epimysium: Connective tissue ensheathing the entire muscle. Fascicle: A discrete bundle of muscle cells. Fiber: A muscle cell. Myofilament: Actin- or myosin- containing structure. Perimysium: Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle. Sarcolemma: Plasma membrane of the muscle cell. Sarcomere: Contractile unit of a muscle. Tendon: Cordlike extension of connective tissue beyond the muscle‚ serving to
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Dennervation hypersensitivity damage to the ANS increases the effector response to stimulation Ganglia a cluster of nerve cell bodies that lie outside the CNS Mass activation Divergence-Preganglionic fibers branch to synapse with numerous postganglionic fibers (up‚ down‚ level) Convergence-Postganglionic fibers receive input from numerous preganglionic fibers Sympathetic system is activated as a unit Sympathoadrenal System the closely related functioning adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous
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The Muscular System: Neuromuscular Junction 1. What insulates each muscle cell? __________endomysium_______________ 2. Synaptic vesicles in the axon terminal of a motor neuron contain what neurotransmitter? __________acetylcholine_______________ 3. An action potential in the axon terminal of a motor neuron opens what type of ion channels? ____________Voltage-gated Calcium_____________ 4. By what means of membrane transport does the neurotransmitter leave the axon
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Unit 1. Homeostasis and Integument 1. Define what is meant by homeostasis in living systems a. Homeostasis = Body wisdom ↓ ↓ Steady state * Homeostasis keeps us healthy * The means by which organisms (our body) maintain a constant internal environment in spite of fluctuations in the external environment. * This means humans have narrow limits we have to keep. 1. Body temp 2. Water content * Our blood contains 92% water and has to maintain
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