Chapter 9: Muscles and Muscle Tissue‚ Lecture Outline: I. Overview of Muscle Tissues (pp. 276–278; Table 9.1) A. Types of Muscle Tissue (p. 277; Table 9.1) 1. Skeletal muscle is associated with the bony skeleton and consists of large cells that bear striations and are under voluntary control. 2. Cardiac muscle occurs only in the heart and consists of small cells that are striated and under involuntary control. 3. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs and
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contractile unit of skeletal muscle. Myofibril are small units of striated muscle fibers that contain contractile myofilaments actin and myosin. Consist of successive sarcomeres Myoglobin protein inside muscle fibers that releases O2 Muscle Structure Tropomyosin and troponin are an important to the actin helix‚ preventing permanent bonding of the myosin cross-bridge to actin Troponin a regulatory protein associated with tropomyosin‚ causes change in orientation of actin filament‚ by binding
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Muscle Tissue 1. How is muscle tissue categorized? Muscle tissue is categorized by its shape‚ the number of nuclei‚ and the mechanism of stimulation. 2. a. Click the Smooth Muscle Tissue. Identify each of the following: Nucleus----- Smooth Fiber Muscle------------------ b. Describe smooth muscle control (voluntary or involuntary). Involuntary c. Name some smooth muscle functions (click the “Tissue Locations” button). Smooth
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breakdown of ATP releases energy‚ releasing the head of the myosin. –Calcium ions bind to troponin‚ exposing the binding site on the actin filament. –The myosin head attaches to the exposed binding site on the actin filament‚ forming a cross-bridge. –The flexing of the cross-bridge pulls the actin filament toward the center of the sarcomere. –An ATP molecule in the reattaches to the ATP binding site on the myosin head. –The myosin head is released from the actin filament’s binding site and the
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with terminal cisternae. 11. What is the function of t-tubules? They rapidly move action potentials from the cell surface to the interior of the fiber. 12. What are the different proteins that make up a myofibril? Contractile proteins: Myosin and actin‚ regulatory proteins: tropomyosin and troponin‚
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the myosin binding sites on actin. This is the latent period‚ the lag time between stimulation and contraction. Myosin heads or cross bridges attach to actin binding sites on thin filaments. The sliding filament theory of a muscle contraction begins. When myosin binds to actin it pulls toward the m-line this is the “power stroke”. Once myosin head if flexed‚ ATP binding site is exposed and ATP binds to the head. Every single myosin head that attaches to actin has to have ATP. Now the myosin
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A patient is admitted for electroconvulsive treatment (ECT). The physician orders the neuromuscular blocking agent metocurine iodide (Metubine) to reduce trauma by relaxing skeletal muscles. Explain the process of muscle contraction and how a neuromuscular blocking agent‚ such as Metubine‚ would interfere with muscle contraction. In order to understand how a neuromuscular blocking agent works one must first understand the process of muscle contraction and what has to take place in order for us
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and calcium ions are two essential elements for muscle contraction. When ATP attaches to the myosin head‚ it gets hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi. Calcium ions bind to the troponin molecules and help expose the binding sites of actin filaments to allow for the attachment of the myosin heads. After the sliding of the myofilaments occurs‚ a new ATP is required to unbind the cross bridge between the actin and myosin filaments. To test the response of muscle fiber to the addition of ATP and/or salts (KCl and
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muscle length is shortened as myosin heads‚ extending from the myosin filaments‚ interact cyclically in a rowing motion with the actin filament (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ is one of the crucial mechanical events required. The mechanism is initiated when an ATP molecule is bound to a myosin head. An enzyme within the head. known as ATPase‚ hydrolyzes the ATP molecule into ADP and phosphate (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ causing a release of energy. This energy is used to rotate the myosin head into an extended‚ high-energy
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muscle. Muscle is made up of protein filaments‚ myosin and actin. These filaments slide past each other to produce a contraction which changes both the length and shape of the cell. The primary function of the muscle is to produce both movement and force. Skeletal muscle is composed of bundles of muscle fibres containing myofibrils of thick and thin filaments (myosin and actin). Skeletal muscle have distinct striations due to the overlapping of the myosin and actin held in place by the sarcolemma. Skeletal
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