Ecological Succession in Tropical Rainforest and Tropical Grassland1 Rica Rafaela Y. Jarcia Group 2 Sec. W-4L September 12‚ 2013 1A scientific paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements in Bio 150 (Principles of Ecology) laboratory under Mr. Joseph G. Campang‚ 1st sem.‚ 2013-2014 ABSTRACT Ecological succession can be described as the change in the structure of a community. This succession is relative to the dominant species in the community
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What is a State? A state is an organized political unit that has: A geographic territory A stable population And a government to which the populations owes allegiance And that is legally recognized by the other states Modern state system began with the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 State ≠ Nation What is a theory? Basic problem: what information matter? A theory is: a simplifying device to help you decide which facts matter and which do not Can be implicit or explicit More formally
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consumers (Carnivores) 3rdsecondary consumers (Carnivores + Omnivores) 2ndprimary consumers (Herbivores) 1stproducers (Chemosynthesizers‚ photosynthesizers) Non-Feeding Relationships: Mutually supportive relationships Mutualism: mutual benefit between species. E.g. flowers and pollinating insects. Some organisms cannot live alone: lichens (fungus [protection] and alga [food]) Symbiosis: "living together" (harmful or beneficial; parasitic or mutualistic) Even predator-prey
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BIOLOGY Tingkatan 4 Kertas 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit PERATURAN PEMARKAHAN Peraturan Pemarkahan ini mengandungi 15 halaman bercetak @ 2011 Hak Cipta MPSM Pahang MARKING SCHEME PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN 2011 (TINGKATAN 4) BIOLOGY 4551/2 |No. |Marking criteria |Marks | |1(a)(i) |Able to label P and S.
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inoculated by people and surroundings; no two are the same; lives on us at all times‚ harder to wash away than transient flora symbiotic relationship – two or more organisms living together (fungus and algus=lichen) Mutualism - all benefit (E. Coli makes vitamin K) Commensalism – one benefits‚ the other is not harmed (cattle‚ birds‚ grass) Parasitism - one benefits‚ the other is harmed (worms or protozoan‚ virus)
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INTRODUCTION Levels of organization (cell to biosphere) and characteristics of life Levels: Cells->tissue ->organs & organ systems->organisms->populations->communities->ecosystems-> biosphere Characteristics of life: Cell and Organization: Each cell can only do the job it is tasked with. Example: brain cells Energy Use and Metabolism: Energy is needed many organisms. Energy is utilized in chemical reactions Response to Environmental Changes: responds to stimuli Regulation and Homeostasis: ex:
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and are present in most habitats on the planet‚ growing in soil‚ water‚ acidic hot springs‚ radioactive waste‚ and deep in the Earth’s crust‚ as well as in organic matter and the live bodies of plants and animals‚ providing outstanding examples of mutualism in the digestive tracts of humans‚ termites and cockroaches. Bacteria constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms(organisms whose cells lack a cell nucleus which contains most of the cell’s genetic material‚ organized as multiple long
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High School Biology - Core Concept Master Cheat Sheet Biology‚ 1 of 6 01: The Science of Biology 03: The Cell • Characeristics of life Organization: all lives are well organized Energy use: all lives need energy to support Reproduction: all lives should be able to reproduce itself Growth: all lives grow and develop. Response to stimuli: all lives can respond to internal or external stimuli Homeostasis: all lives have the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment—self-regulation
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shelter or a mate occurs between any living organisms in a mutual habitat. They are likely to be in close proximity and this interaction could either be harmful or helpful to each organism. When the interaction is beneficial‚ it is considered to be mutualism‚ either being obligate or facultative. However‚ interactions between different species may take different forms‚ such as commensalism‚ parasitism‚ amensalism etc. Competition often results in reduced growth and/or lower seed production of one or
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Genetics: the science of heredity that includes the study of what genes are‚ how they carry info‚ how they are replicated and passed to subsequent generations of cells or passed between organisms‚ and how the expression of their info within an organism determines the particular characteristics of that organism. Genome: the cell’s genetic information that includes it’s plasmids and chromosome. Chromosomes: structures containing DNA that physically carry hereditary info‚ contain the genes Genes:
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