MANY PROCESSES MUST TAKE place within the skeletal muscle fibres in order for muscle contraction to occur. The cross bridge cycle‚ process by which the muscle length is shortened as myosin heads‚ extending from the myosin filaments‚ interact cyclically in a rowing motion with the actin filament (Rayment et al. 1993)‚ is one of the crucial mechanical events required. The mechanism is initiated when an ATP molecule is bound to a myosin head. An enzyme within the head. known as ATPase‚ hydrolyzes the
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Fatigue plays a major part in the sporting performance of the athlete both in physical and mental terms. The athlete needs to learn to notice the signs of fatigue and tension that arises from this and introduce methods to cope with the debilitating effect it can have on their performance. Muscle fatigue and the tension associated with it can result from a number of different factors. The athletes may simply have over exerted themself physically in training or competition leading to muscular fatigue
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E 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define these terms used in describing muscle physiology: multiple motor unit summation‚ maximal stimulus‚ treppe‚ wave summation‚ and tetanus. 2. To identify two ways that the mode of stimulation can affect muscle force production. 3. To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow‚ smooth‚ sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically
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LABORATORY REPORT Activity 2: Twitch Contractions and Summation PREDICTIONS Effect of Muscle Fiber Length on Contraction 1. As muscle fiber length increases: contraction force increases‚ becoming maximum at an optimal length‚ then decreasing at longer lengths. Effect of Stimulation Frequency on Contraction 2. As the frequency of stimulation increases‚ the force of contraction: increases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Measurement of Threshold Stimulus 1. Dependent Variable: contraction force
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voluntary muscle the different types of muscle fibre including slow twitch fast twitch‚including how their properties are influenced by their reliance on aerobic and anaerobic energy sources. Skeletal muscle is made up of bundles of individual muscle fibres called myocytes. Each myocyte contains many myofibrils‚ which are strands of proteins (actin and myosin) that can grab on to each other and pull. This shortens the muscle and causes muscle contraction. It is generally accepted that muscle fibre
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Human Physiology Exam 2 Spring 2014 1. Neuroglial cells that regulate neurotransmitter metabolism and capillary permeability are: a. neurolemmacytes b. astrocytes c. oligodendrocytes d. neurons 2. The portion of the nervous system concerned with afferent input from skeletal muscle is: a. visceral sensory b. somatic motor c. somatosensory d. propriosensory 3 Light adaptation of the eye occurs due to: a .a decrease in the active photo pigment b. an increase in active photopigment c. a
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Activity 1 – The Muscle Twitch and Latent 1) Define the terms skeletal muscle fiber‚ motor unit‚ skeletal muscle twitch‚ electrical stimulus‚ and latent period. Skeletal Muscle Fiber: Skeletal muscle cells that are composed of hundreds to thousands of individual cells that produce muscle tension. These fibers are what move our bodies and generate muscle tension/force that enables us to have manual dexterity. Motor unit: consists of one motor neuron and all of the skeletal muscle fibers that it
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Unit 2: Physiology Lab Skeletal Muscle Physiology Student Name: Lab Summary Worksheet Directions: Read the following directions before starting the lab. Before starting each lab Activity‚ read the Overview and Introduction. This information will help you understand what you are doing in the lab. You do not have to pdf your lab – the only thing that you will submit for grading is this lab report. You will have to answer the Stop and Think Questions that are embedded in the lab instructions
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between the application of the stimulus and the last point where the active force is zero (just prior to contraction). How long is the latent period? _2.78_ msec What occurs in the muscle during this apparent lack of activity? The muscle is reacting internally and getting the signals to contract. Investigating Graded Muscle Response to Increased Stimulus Intensity 1. Click Clear Tracings if there are tracings on your screen. 2. Set the voltage to 0.0‚ and click Stimulate. 3. Click Record Data. If you
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Laboratory – Muscle Physiology A. MUSCLE TONUS Observations‚ Report and Conclusion: A. Define muscle tonus and give its importance * Muscle tonus refers to a state of slight muscular contraction maintained by synchronous impulses of low frequency‚ discharged by the spinal motor neurons. * Reflex in nature. * Muscle tonus is a small amount of tension in the muscle due to weak‚ involuntary contractions of its motor units. Muscle tonus is important in a sense that it governs the
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