CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM 1 History and examination of the cardiovascular system I Mitral stenosis 3 2 Mitral regurgitation 8 3 Mixed mitral valve disease 12 4 Aortic regurgitation 13 6 Mixed aortic valve lesion 23 7 Mixed mitral and aortic valve disease 24 8 Hypertension 27 9 Atrial fibrillation 31 10 Palpitations 35 11 Slow pulse rate 37 12 Gallop rhythm 39 13 Angina pectoris 41 14 Acute myocardial infarction 45 15 Jugular venous pulse 52 16 Congestive cardiac failure 54 17 Infective
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Clinical Manifestations of endocarditis – mostly non-specific |Table 124–2 Clinical and Laboratory Features of Infective Endocarditis | | | |Feature
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MITRAL VALVE DISEASE MITRAL STENOSIS Mitral stenosis is almost always rheumatic in origin‚ although in the elderly it can be caused by heavy calcification of the mitral valve apparatus. There is also a rare form of congenital mitral stenosis. In rheumatic mitral stenosis‚ the mitral valve orifice is slowly diminished by progressive fibrosis‚ calcification of the valve leaflets‚ and fusion of the cusps and subvalvular apparatus. The flow of blood from left atrium to left ventricle
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Student Name HCA/220 April‚ 28 2013 Medical Report Assignment PAITENT NAME: Smith‚ John HOSPITAL NUMBER: 859-656-6561 DATE OF ADMISSION: July‚ 23 20xx |Chapter 3 – Medical Record | |History of Present Illness | |The patient arrived‚ complaining of chronic abdominal pain‚ vomiting
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symptoms but not the cause. Murmur Thoracic aortic aneurysms produce an aortic valve murmur. Pressure changes in the aorta due to the aneurysm impair aortic valve function. The aortic valve opens and closes as the heart beats. An improperly functioning valve allows blood to leak back into the left heart chamber when the heart pumps‚ producing an abnormal heart sound audible with a stethoscope. Abdominal aortic aneurysms also produce a murmur and a physician may note the murmur during an exam. Cough
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(Holosystolic) murmur along lower left sternal border (depending upon he size of the defect) +/- palpable thrill (palpable turbulence of blood flow). Heart sounds are normal. Larger VSDs may cause parasternal heave‚ a displaced apex beat (the palpable heartbeat moves laterally overtime‚ as the heart enlarges). An infant with a large VSD will fail to thrive and become sweaty and tachypnoeic (breath faster) with feeds. The restriction VSDs (smaller defects) are associated with a louder murmur and more
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CS 2: 15 points K.R. is a 46-year-old man admitted to the emergency department with unremitting chest discomfort. The pain started while he was shoveling snow from his walkway. He had experienced chest discomfort with activity previously‚ but the pain had subsided with rest and he sought no medical help. This time the pain did not subside and became increasingly severe‚ radiating to his left arm and lower jaw. In the emergency department‚ an ECG and cardiac enzymes were obtained. The cardiac
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rhinitis‚ GERD and a murmur arrived at the hospital. The patient stated that for the past four months she has noticed an increase in exertional dyspnea‚ orthopnea‚ and occasional feelings of heart pounding. The patient’s vital signs were taken and were recorded as follows: * Temperature: 98.6 * Respiratory Rate: 24 bpm * Heart Rate: 123 bpm * Blood Pressure: 160/40 After a physical assessment‚ there were some abnormalities found. There appeared to be a soft systolic murmur‚ course crackles
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Cardiovascular Assessment Steps 1. Wash your hands‚ introduce yourself to the patient and clarify their identity. Explain what you would like to do and obtain consent. A chaperone should be offered for this examination Introduce yourself to the patient 2. For this examination the patient should be on the bed with their trunk at 45degrees‚ they should be exposed from the waist up. 3. Begin by observing the patient from the end of the bed. You should note whether the patient looks comfortable
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for the chordae tendineae to pull the valve tight during the late stages of systole. As the left ventricle decreases in size the chordae fails to maintain tension on the mitral valve‚ therefore causing regurgitation into the left atrium. (Systolic Murmurs- Mitral Valve Prolapse) When the valve does not close properly it can cause mitral regurgitation. Mitral regurgitation is the leaking of blood from the left ventricle back into the left atrium. Mitral regurgitation can cause the heart to enlarge
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