The Speech Community Peter L. Patrick Dept. of Language and Linguistics University of Essex Wivenhoe Park Colchester CO4 3SQ United Kingdom Email: patrickp@essex.ac.uk http://privatewww.essex.ac.uk/~patrickp/ This article will appear in JK Chambers‚ P Trudgill & N Schilling-Estes (eds.)‚ Handbook of language variation and change. Oxford: Blackwell. ABSTRACT: empirical linguistics‚ is at the intersection of many principal problems in sociolinguistic theory and method. This paper traces its history
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in which alternations between different language varieties index personal style‚ social power and national identity. Individual chapters cover: ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ Social dialects and individual style Language attitudes Politeness Multilingualism and language choice Real time and apparent time change in language Social class‚ social networks and communities of practice Gender Language and dialect contact Most chapters include: exercises that enable readers to engage critically with
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Title: Setting up a hypothetical business (Hybu Hyder) in the field of education Word Count: 3‚680 Words An Introduction to Self-employment: Self- employment means ‘starting and running a successful business or social enterprise’ (AGCAS‚ 2011). There are many reasons that people decide to start up their own business‚ including: to sell their skills and/or expertise; to prove an idea; because they are their own boss; to gain a sense of freedom; because they
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Transcending Sociolinguistics: Language‚ Caste and Power in India Sociolinguistics and the Language Problem in India Though there has been a long tradition of studying and interpreting language in India‚ most of these studies are in descriptive‚ technical or structural mode. For long‚ language has been seen as a non-political or apolitical phenomenon and its study has remained restricted to its structure. India also has a long tradition in the study of language
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Hélène. 2001. Morphologie: forme et sens des mots du français. Paris : Colin. Karafuji‚ Takeo. 2004. Plural Morphemes‚ Definiteness‚ and the Notion of Semantic Parameter. Language and Linguistics‚ 5‚ 1‚ 211-242. Kriel‚ Mariana. 2003. Approaches to Multilingualism in Language‚ Place‚ and Identity Politics. A Critique. Society in Transition‚ 34‚ 1‚ 159-177. McBride‚ Nicole. 2002. Web Enhanced Approaches to the Teaching of Linguistic Variation in French. ReCALL‚ 14‚ 1‚ 96-108. McCarthy‚ Michael. 1998. Spoken
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A Dominant Community’s Attitudes towards the Teaching of Amazigh (Berber) in Morocco di Mina Afkir Abstract Two linguistically and culturally different communities have been living in Morocco since the Arab-Islamic conquests in the seventh century AD‚ namely the Amazigh-speaking and the Arabic-speaking communities. The language policies that were implemented by the Moroccan government from independence in 1956 till 2001 greatly promoted the Arabic language‚ which
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the future. Migration policy institute‚ pp. 1-27. [Accessed: 8 Jan 2014]. Opper‚ S. (1983). Multiculturalism in sweden: a case of assimilation and integration. Comparative education‚ 19 (2)‚ pp. 193--212. Premat‚ C. (2010). Cultural diversity‚ multilingualism and ethnic minorities in sweden. Sens-public. Runblom‚ H. (1994). Swedish multiculturalism in a comparative european perspective. 9 (4)‚ pp. 623--640. Tawat‚ M. (2011). The birth of sweden ’s multicultural policy: the primacy of olof palme ’s
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[pic] Contents Introduction 2 2. Personal development from PALS 3 2.1 The futures of PALS and what I’ve learned 3 2.2 Benefit from visiting speakers programme and organizational visits 6 3. Professional development from PALS 7 3.1 Commercial awareness 8 3.2 Communication skills 8 3.3 Leadership 9 3.4 Foreign language 10 4. Help in the future 10 Conclusion 11 Reference 12 LEARNING LOG 13 Introduction In this text‚ I will retrospect to the period
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English Next Why global English may mean the end of ‘English as a Foreign Language’ David Graddol The moral rights of the author have been asserted. The opinions expressed in this book are not necessarily those of the British Council. Designed and produced by The English Company (UK) Ltd www.english.co.uk Cover design by Intro (Last minor revision Jan 2007) © British Council 2006 The United Kingdom’s international organisation for educational opportunities and cultural relations. We
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FINAL ESSAY FOR APLIED LINGUISTICS COMMENT ON THIS VIEWPOINT “Applied linguistics is not a discipline which exists on its own. It is influenced by other disciplines and influences them as well. It is a two-way process. For this reason‚ applied linguistics examines theories from all sorts of different areas (semantics‚ syntax‚ pragmatics‚ sociolinguistics‚…) and from all sorts of perspectives so that it help find out effective solutions for language -related issues such as teaching methodology
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