Alcohol o Barbiturates o Benzodiazepines‚ particularly flunitrazepam‚ triazolam‚ temazepam‚ and nimetazepam o Methaqualone and the related quinazolinone sedative-hypnotics • Opiate and opioid analgesics o Morphine and codeine‚ the two naturally occurring opiate analgesics o Semi-synthetic opiates‚ such as heroin (diacetylmorphine)‚ oxycodone‚ hydrocodone‚ and hydromorphone o Fully synthetic opioids‚ such as fentanyl‚ meperidine/pethidine
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In most modern media portraying illicit drug abuse‚ the addicts are represented as lowlifes. While many drug abusers are accurately represented by this image‚ not all are. This misrepresentation can be devastating to less deplorable addicts who attempt to better their lives. Many addicts chose to search out better lives whether through rehabilitation or striving for success in other aspects of life such as their career. When their past poor choices are revealed many people may choose to abstain from
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parenting is when Jem damages the camellia bushes of Mrs. Henry Lafayette Dubose‚ a neighbour who scolds and insults the children; Atticus sentences him to read to her each day. As Jem reads‚ he and Scout witness the dying woman’s battle against her morphine addiction and learn the true meaning of courage: "it’s when you know you’re licked before you begin but you see it through no matter what‚" Atticus tells them. Another reason why Atticus is a good parent is that he sets an example of behaviour
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Opioid Analgesics Opiates are natural substances obtained from raw opium. This includes morphine sulfate‚ codeine‚ hydrochlorides of opium alkaloids and camphorated tincture of opium. Opioid Analgesics are most effective in treating or managing severe pain and are often used in the management of pain in cancer patients or in those with pain associated with other terminal illnesses. The analgesics effects of opioids are due to decreased perception of pain‚ decreased reaction to pain as well as
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world. “Though nearly 50% of the world’s cancer patients and 90% of the world’s HIV/AIDS patients live in low-to-middle income countries‚ they only receive 6% of the world’s morphine supply. North America and Europe‚ on the other hand‚ receive close to 89% of the world’s morphine (Silverstein).” It is true that there is more morphine in wealthier countries but these countries also have a higher rate of drug abuse. Allotting the lower income countries more pain medication would then create more drug abusers
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similar to morphine‚ but is approximately 100 times stronger and has a much higher potential for addiction. Fentanyl has a very short onset time and a short duration. When administered through an IV the onset time of fentanyl is under 1 minute‚ it reaches it’s peak effect in 2-3 minutes and only lasts for about 30-45 minutes. Meanwhile morphine administered in the same way has an onset time of 5 minutes‚ reaching it’s peak effect in 10 minutes and lasts 1-4 hours. Like heroin‚ morphine‚ and other
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Pharmacology |1. |A client is taking hydromorphone (Dilaudid) PO q4h at home. Following surgery‚ Dilaudid IV q4h PRN and butorphanol tartrate | | |(Stadol) IV q4h PRN are prescribed for pain. The client received a dose of the Dilaudid IV four hours ago‚ and is again | | |requesting pain medication. What intervention should the nurse implement? | | |A.
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for six dollars a pill‚ but one OxyContin pill can fetch up to 80 dollars illegally through the black market. Originally discovered in 1916 in Germany as an opioid (a pill made to work on the nervous system) to work better than Heroin‚ codeine and morphine. It was first brought to the United States in 1939‚ but it wasn’t till December 12‚ 1995 when it could be produced since that’s when the FDA approved it. It started being produced by Purdue Pharma in the United States. OxyContin ranks 19th in the
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The United States represents 5 percent of the world’s population yet it consumes 75 percent of the world’s prescription drugs. A prescription drug is a medicine crafted by pharmaceutical companies that legally requires a medical prescription to be dispensed. In contrast‚ Illegal drugs are obtained unlawfully through undocumented transaction. Due to substance abuse these prescription and illicit drugs combined‚ kill tens of thousands of people each year. The three mainly abused types of prescription
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isolated — from the brain of a pig，called enkephalins.1 Around the same time‚ in a calf brain‚ Rabi Simantov and Solomon H. Snyder of the United States found endorphin‚ what Eric Simon later termed "endorphin" by an abbreviation of "endogenous morphine"‚ meaning "morphine produced naturally in the body".2 This also called lipotropic peptide. This essay will discuss about where the hormones produced‚ the structure of the hormones and their function. The pituitary has two parts: anterior pituitary and
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