EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Pakistan Railways (reporting mark PR) is a national state-owned rail transport service of Pakistan‚ head-quartered in Lahore. It is administered by the federal government under the Ministry of Railways. PR provides an important mode of transportation throughout Pakistan. It is commonly referred to as the "life line of the country"‚ by aiding in large-scale movement of people and freight throughout Pakistan.Pakistan Railways (PR) is the state owned railway company of Pakistan. It is
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Chapter-14 Comparative salient feature of OHE of DMRC & Indian Railway 15.1 IMPORTANT DMRC OHE PARAMETERS (Rail Corridor) S.N. | Parameters | Specification as per DMRC | Specification as per Indian Railway | 1 | Normal height of contact wire at support point for regulated OHE | 5.00 mtr (Presag -1000th part of span length) | 5.50 mtr | 2 | Normal height of contact wire at support point for unregulated OHE | 5.15 mtr | 5.70 mtr | 3 | Minimum height of contact wire at loco inspection
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EARLY RAILWAYS. Modern transportation of passengers and goods could not be imagined without trains‚ transport devices that revolutionized our industry‚ human expansion‚ and the way we can move from one place to another. It all began in over 2000 years ago in ancient civilizations of Egypt‚ Babylon and Greece. Transport of people and goods in those time was done with carts that were pulled by animals (horses or bulls) Their engineers quickly noticed that animals will spend much less
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Monopoly Monopoly means a market where there is only one seller of a particular good or service.In economics‚ a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium – Greek language monos‚ one + polein‚ to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. Monopolies are characterized by a lack of economic competition for the good or service that they provide and a lack of viable substitute goods. Monopoly should be distinguished from monopsony‚ in which
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composition on railway lines 1. a) Describe the factors which decide the broad area of Scientific activity? (5) b) Discuss briefly the scientific and technical achievements of the Bronze age (5) 2. a) Explain the factors that led to the decline of Science in Europe during iron age. (5) b) What were the main features of the social organization in the Gupta Empire that led to a great improvement
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Topic: Monopoly and Monopolistic competition Macedonian telecommunication Monopoly and monopolistic competitions‚ basic concepts monopoly means a market situation in which there is only a single seller and large no. of buyers. whereas monopolistic competition is a market situation in which there is large no. of sellers and large no. of buyers. in monopolistic competition‚ close substitutes are there in the sense that products are different in terms of size‚ colour‚packaging‚brand‚price
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10/23/2012 CHAPTER 15 Monopoly In this chapter‚ look for the answers to these questions: Why do monopolies arise? Why is MR < P for a monopolist? How do monopolies choose their P and Q? How do monopolies affect society’s well-being? What can the government do about monopolies? What is price discrimination? Economics PRINCIPLES OF N. Gregory Mankiw Premium PowerPoint Slides by Ron Cronovich © 2009 South-Western‚ a part of Cengage Learning‚ all rights reserved 1
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ono 9. MONOPOLY The focus today’s lecture is the examination of how price and output is determined in a monopoly market. Pure monopoly is a single firm producing a product for which there are no close substitutes. It is important for us to understand pure monopoly since this form of economic activity accounts for a large share of output and it provides us with an insight into the more realistic market structure of monopolistic competition and oligopoly. It is characterised by: • a single
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Monopoly is the final type of market structure in which a single seller dominates trade in a good or service for which buyers can find no close substitutes. A monopoly is distringuished from a monospony‚ in which there is only one buyer of a product or service. It can also have a monopsony control of a sector of a market. All types of Monopolies can be established by a government‚ form by integration. The way Monopoly derive their market power is from a berrier to entry. There are three major tpes
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1 Monopoly Why Monopolies Arise? Monopoly is a rm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes. The fundamental cause of monopoly is barriers to entry: A monopoly remains the only seller in its market because other rms cannot enter the market and compete with it. Barriers to entry have three main sources: 1. Monopoly Resources. A key resource is owned by a single rm. Example: The DeBeers Diamond Monopoly|this rm controls about 80 percent of the diamonds in the world. 2. Government-Created
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