UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS International General Certificate of Secondary Education *6145201818* CHEMISTRY Paper 3 (Extended) Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number‚ candidate number and name on all the work you hand in. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use a pencil for any diagrams‚ graphs or rough working. Do not use staples‚ paper clips‚ highlighters‚ glue or correction
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Effector functions of antibodies Antibodies also known as immunoglobulins are secreted by plasma cells and B lymphocytes from the bone marrow and the lymphoid organs. The effector functions of antibodies are determined by the constant regions of the heavy chain. There are five different isotypes known in mammals to perform different roles and to direct a specific immune response for the antigen encountered. The binding of antigens to the variable regions will trigger the effector functions. Antibodies
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Skeletal‚ Muscular‚ and Integumentary System The Muscular System Our muscular system provides the main source of force to put our bodies into motion. More than 40% of our body mass is composed of muscle. Types of Muscular Tissue There are three types of muscle tissue: 1. Skeletal Voluntary movement‚ attached to bones. 2. Smooth Involuntary movement‚ found in digestive tract‚ circulatory system‚ etc. 3. Cardiac Involuntary movement‚ found only in heart. Muscle Contraction Skeletal Muscle
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AP Biology 6th Mr.Scofield Blast Lab Background: Between 1990–2003‚ scientists working on an international research project known as the Human Genome Project were able to identify and map the 20‚000–25‚000 genes that define a human being. The project also successfully mapped the genomes of other species‚ including the fruit fly‚ mouse‚ and Escherichia coli. The location and complete sequence of the genes in each of these species are available for anyone in the world
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statement. | | Prohibiting the use of polystyrene foam (Styrofoam/stryrofor) | | * Commercial establishments as stated above player * Costumers | * Banning the use of poly-ethylene product - a petroleum-based plastic made from styrene monomer and a light weight material used in all types of products from cups and food packaging materials in some specific establishments. * Providing some tax remedies to the non-violating establishments. * Penalizing the establishment who violated the
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* PLASTIC POLLUTION | | 0.0 (0) | Written by rashmi October 06‚ 2010 Hits: 368 0 Cash Credits: 25.00 Editor: Deepti The pollution that is caused by organic polymer materials such as plastic on the environment thereby having harmful effect on human being is known as plastic pollution. Plastic mainly can be divided in two broader classifications namely. * Thermoplastics * Thermosetting plastics Both these varieties of plastics are not biodegradable that cannot
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nitrogen-containing base‚ and a phosphate group. A pentose sugar is a five-sided sugar. Deoxyribose has a hydrogen atom attached to its #2 carbon atom (designated 2’)‚ and ribose has a hydroxyl group atom there. Deoxyribose-containing nucleotides are the monomers of DNA RNA Nucleotide [pic] The left picture shows the nucleotide unit of RNA. Nucleotides differ from nucleosides in that they have phosphate groups. Nucleotides can exist in the mono-‚ di-‚ or tri-phosphorylated forms
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organisms. Nearly every cell in an organism’s body has the same DNA. DNA is the blueprint that guides the construction and development of living organisms. Some viruses have RNA as their genetic code. DNA structure DNA is a polymer‚ made up of many monomers called nucleotides which link together by condensation reactions. A nucleotide is composed of a pentose sugar called deoxyribose‚ a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. Nucleotides link together by a phosphodiester bond. Four types of bases
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1…………….ROLE OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN THE 21ST CENTURY THE STATEMENT: Molecular biology of the 21st century‚ which says that the science devoted to elucidating the structure and function of genomes. On the other hand‚ the major advances gave rise to central dogma of molecular biology‚ comprising the three major processes in the cellular utilization of genetic information. The first is replication‚ the copying of parental DNA to form daughter DNA molecules with identical nucleotide sequences. The second
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polystyrene. Eduard Simon isolated the substance from natural resin‚ however‚ he did not know what he had discovered. In 1922‚ Hermann Staudinger published his theories on polymers‚ stating that natural rubbers were made up of long repetitive chains of monomers that gave rubber its elasticity. He went on to write that the materials
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