AP Biology Midterm Study Guide Ecology‚ Biochemistry‚ Cells‚ Genetics‚ and Evolution Midterm Date: Part I: Multiple Choice Questions (60) VOCAB TO KNOW: Element Diffusion Homozygous Lytic Cycle Compound Isotonic Heterozygous Lysogenic Cycle Neutrons Hypertonic Phenotype Transformation Protons Hypotonic Genotype Transduction Electrons Osmosis Codominance Conjugation Atomic Number Turgid Wild type Plasmid Mass Number Flaccid Mutant Evolution
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Purpose To provide practice in using appropriate methods to answer questions and solve problems about monohybrid inheritance. Questions Q1 Some forms of albinism‚ a genetic disorder‚ may be due to a single gene mutation. The allele for albinism is recessive to the allele for no albinism. A woman is heterozygous for albinism. Her male partner is homozygous for the ‘normal’ allele. a Does the woman suffer from the condition? no b What percentage of their children are likely to be carriers
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Pollen crosses to another flower. Generations of Mendel’s Plants: P Generation – Parent F1 – First offspring F2 – Second offspring of F‚ xF‚ Cross. Mendel used true breeding plants so he would be sure he crossed only the traits he wanted. Monohybrid vs. Dihylorid: Mono – Only concerned with one trait at a time (Eg. Flower color‚ Seed Color‚ or Seed Shape). Di – Two traits at a time (Eg. Flower Color and Seed Color). How do we use the traits? The Dominant traits are given a capital letter
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Fly Lab Shannon Ladd Introduction: Famers and herders have been selectively breeding their plans and animals to produce more useful hybrids for thousands of years. It was somewhat of a hit or miss process since the actual mechanisms governing inheritance were unknown. Knowledge of these genetic mechanisms finally came as a result of careful laboratory breeding experiments carried out over the last century and a half. A contributing geneticist named Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)‚ discovered through
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CHAPTER 8 1) DNA is found in structures called ______. -chromosomes 2) A(n) ______ is an example of an organism that can reproduce asexually. -amoeba 3)+++ Examine the figure below. Nucleosomes are made of ______. - DNA wrapped around histone proteins 4)++ As shown in the following figure‚ plant cell cytokinesis differs from animal cell cytokinesis because - Plant cells form a cell plate and animal cells do not 5)The chromosomes of eukaryotic cells are found in the _____ -Nucleus 6) Chromatin consists
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causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele * Test cross- testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive 4.3.2 Determine the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring of a monohybrid cross using a Punnett square R=white petals r= red petals Table 1: Observing genotypes and phenotypes Genotype: | RR | Rr | Rr | rr | Phenotype: | White petals | White petals | White petals | Red petals | (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Punnett_square_(PSF)
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* Charles Darwin Origin of species by natural selection Theory of natural selection 1. Over production More offspring are produced than can survive 2. Variation There are differences in the traits of these organisms 3. Competition 4. Best adapted survive select agent 5. Reproduce Pass on desirable traits to the next generation Organisms rarely have mutations that can allow the to better adapt to there envirironment. I. Evidence for evolution A. Fossils Remnants of organisms that
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Chi-square tests 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 χ2 distribution and its properties A chi-square (χ2) distribution is a set of density curves with each curve described by its degree of freedom (df). The distribution have the following properties: - Area under the curve = 1 - All χ2 values are positive i.e. the curve begins from 0 (except for df=1) increases to a peak and decreases towards 0 as its asymptote - The curve is skewed to the right‚ and as the degree of freedom increases‚ the
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or AA by the eye? B. gametes have only one allele of each gene‚ The two alleles of each gene separate 1.Punnett Square used to show how alleles of parents are split between their gametes and how new combinations can occur in an offspring. 2. A monohybrid cross is one that the parents have different alleles and only shows results for one trait. 3. Steps to create a Punnett grid: children letter to show the alleles determine the parents genotypes: all the possibilities determine the gametes
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James Ruse Agricultural High School Module 9.3 Blueprint of Life Biology Notes 2013 Helen Ying 19/03/2013 By Helen Ying © 2013 Biology Notes – HSC Course 2013 MODULE 9.3 – BLUEPRINT OF LIFE 1. Outline the impact on the evolution of plants and animals of: a. Changes in physical conditions in the environment o Rising and falling sea levels – land and ice bridges across continents have affected distribution and therefore evolution when these bridges disappeared and populations were isolated
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