Chapter 21 The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses Innate and Adaptive Defenses (Fig. 21.1‚ pg. 767) Body Defenses against Infection (Fig. 21.1‚ pg. 767) * Immunity * Resistance to disease * Pathogen * disease causing agent * bacteria‚ viruses‚ etc * Innate (nonspecific) Defenses * responds quickly * general defenses * protects against many pathogens * First line of defense * skin and mucosae prevent entry of microorganisms
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maternal blood can stimulate the mother’s immune system to produce anti-Rh antibodies. The anti-Rh antibodies are not produced in significant amounts until after delivery‚ therefore‚ a woman’s first infant is not affected. During the following pregnancies‚ when fetal and maternal circulatory systems are closely intertwined‚ the mother’s antibodies may cross the placenta. Hemolytic anemia can form when the mother’s antibodies enter the fetal circulatory system. Rh incompatibility is almost completely
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The Lymphatic System And Immunity The cells‚ tissues‚ and organs of the lymphatic system play a central role in the body’s defenses against a variety of pathogens‚ or disease-causing organisms. Acts against environment hazards‚ various pathogens‚ and internal threats. Lymphocytes (primary cell) are vital to or overcoming infection and disease. Lymphocytes respond to invading pathogens‚ abnormal body cells‚ and foreign proteins. They act to eliminate these threats or render them harmless
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LYMPHATIC SYSTEM * Carries fluid in one direction‚ from the tissues to the circulatory system. Functions of the Lymphatic System 1. Fluid Balance * Collecting excess fluid and particulate matter from tissues and depositing them in the bloodstream. 2. Fat Absorption * Absorbs fats and other substance from the digestive tract through lymphatic vessels called lacteals located in the lining of the small intestine. * Fat enters the lacteals and pass through the lymphatic vessels
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is placed against the membrane eluting the proteins onto the matrix using the force of an electric field (Pokorny‚ 2012). Once on the membrane‚ it must be blocked using skim milk and treated with a primary and secondary antibody in order to identify a specific protein. The antibodies that will be used are an anti-Rubisco that will mark the chloroplast
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the ABO blood group system. Although simulated blood was used for the experiment a standard blood typing outcome was still obtained. After conducting the experiment I was able to identify each patients blood type by comparing the antigens and antibodies found within the blood. Materials and Methods Simulated blood‚ plastic slides‚ and antiserum were the materials used to perform this experiment. In order to specify each patients blood type it was necessary to place two drops of the simulated
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Active Immunity The production of antibodies against a specific agent by the immune system is known as active immunity. This particular immunity process is there to keep you healthy. Active immunnity can be acquired in two ways: naturally by contracting an infectious disease or artificially by receiving a vaccination. Active immunity is natural and permanent; protecting individuals from disease their entire lives. This process can take place quickly by large amounts of medicines at one time
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class of syphilis diagnostics that detect infection by indirect markers of infection. Nontreponemal Tests detect biomarkers that are released during cellular damage that occurs from the syphilis spirochete. In contrast treponemal tests look for antibodies that are a direct result of the infection thus‚ anti-treponeme IgG‚ IgM and to a lesser degree IgA Non Treponemal Non-treponemal serologic tests for syphilis include VDRL (Venereal Disease Research Laboratory) test and RPR (Rapid Plasma Reagin)
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Unit 39- Support Use of Medication in Social care Settings A)1.1 The Medicine act 1968 Governs the manufacture & supply of medicines. This requires that the local pharmacist or dispensing doctor is responsible for supplying medication. He or she can only do this on the receipt of a prescription from an authorised person eg a doctor. According to the law (The Medicines Act 1968) medicines can be given by a third party‚ e.g. a suitably-trained care worker‚ to the person that they were intended
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Should animals be used for scientific research and experimentation? From ancient times‚ humans have relied on animals for their survival either as food (sheep‚ cow) or for competition (horses) and companionship (dogs). As humans became more familiar to their environment‚ they then also started utilizing animals for attainment of knowledge dating back to the days of the great physician Galen (129-200 AD)‚ who used animals to exhibit that arteries contain blood and not the air (qtd. in Giridharan)
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