Experiment 2: Isolation of Eugenol from Cloves Background; Readings on Vapor pressure‚ Raoult’s Law from TRO: A mixture of the essential oils‚ eugenol and acetyleugenol‚ will be steam distilled from cloves. These compounds are isolated from aqueous distillate by extraction into dichloromethane. The dichloromethane solution is shaken with aqueous sodium hydroxide‚ which will react with eugenol‚ to yield the sodium salt of eugenol in the basic
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temperature of 4℃. The two test tubes were IMMEDIATELY mixed after 10 minutes‚ and three-drops were QUICKLY taken from the mixture. The three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the first well of a spot plate and was labelled as the zero minute. Incubation should be continued and after a one-minute interval‚ three-drops of the mixture simultaneously added with two drops of iodine solution were dropped onto the second well of a spot plate and was
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castings‚ 0%‚ 25%‚ 50%‚ 75% & 100%). Each mixture of soil had a total of two kilograms. The mixtures were placed in different plastic pots. The plants were then transplanted to the soil mixtures after 15 days of germination. The heights of the plants were obtained every week. After the span 45 days (since the day of germination)‚ the plants were harvested and the heights and weight were taken. Results show that there is a significant difference between the mixtures made. In addition‚ Chinese cabbages
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Strawberries; Measure our 100mLs of the strawberry mixture and mix in 100mLs of distilled water‚ then put the mixture into the filtering apparatus‚ and leave to filter place filtrate mixture into a beaker. Fill a large beaker with hot water and place the smaller beaker inside (see figure 2) until the mixture is heated to 65°C. Take out the mixture and stir in 1gram of salt‚ 1g of meat tenderiser and 1mL of detergent. Pour 5mL of the now filtered and heated mixture into each of the 3 test tubes. In test tube
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different types of atoms in the universe. * Substances that are made up of one type of atom are called pure elements; therefore there are 92 pure elements in the universe. * Substances made up of more than one type of atom are called mixtures. * Mixtures are made up of groups of atoms called molecules. * Molecules that are made of one type of atom are called simple molecules. Examples: O3 ‚ N2 ‚ S8 * Molecules that are made of more than one type of atom are called compound
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Learner’s Guide Manufacture craft baked flour confectionery products using the whisking method (No. 6) Unit Std # 6 NQF Level 3 Credit(s) 12 Field NSB 06: Manufacturing‚ Engineering and Technology Sub-Field Manufacturing and Assembly Issue date: July 2002 Review date: TBA Contents Why am I doing this? 3 At the end of the module you will 3 How to use this module 3 Introduction 4 5 Introduction baked flour confectionery products 6 11 The production of baked flour confectionery
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Title: Studying SN1 and SN2 Reactions: Nucleophilic Substitutions at the saturated carbon Lab Partner: Jeszie Geronimo Objective and purpose: the purpose of this experiment is to convert a primary alcohol to an alkyl bromide using a Sn2 Reaction. Investigate some factors that influence the rate of Sn1 reactions. The second part of this lab will focus more on how unlike factors influence the rate of reactions in anSN1 reactions. The factors that we will be inspecting are the leaving groups‚ Cl-
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Explain the use of crude oil as a source of both aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons Crude oil: a complex mixture of hydrocarbons found in layers of rock beneath the earth’s surface Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: contain chains of carbon atoms that may be branched Aromatic Hydrocarbons: contain Benzene rings- rings of carbon atoms with delocalized electrons Alkanes all have different boiling points dependent on the length of the carbon chain in the molecule. The smaller chains ie. the most volatile
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In the first step‚ the mixture of water‚ concentrated sulphuric acid‚ and cyclohexene was shaken vigorously until it became a homogenous solution. Followed by‚ the addition of water‚ and the distillation process lead to the hydrolysis of the alkene. Finally‚ addition of diethyl ether to the mixture then distillation took place to be purified and to obtain the final product‚ cyclohexanol (McFadden‚ 2012). Diethyl ether was used to extract alcohol from salt-water mixture because diethyl ethers solubility
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degrees centigrade while the observed boiling point was in a range between 76 to 80 degrees centigrade. The density of t-Pentyl Chloride is .866 g/mL‚ less than the density of water‚ which indicates that it should float on top of the water in the mixture during the extractions and washings techniques‚ as it did. The mass of the compound that was obtained in this experiment was 14.87
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