Discuss the Role of Hydrogen Bonding in living Organisms A hydrogen bond is an intermolecular bond and is formed when a charged part of a molecule having polar covalent bonds‚ forms an electrostatic attraction with a molecule of opposite charge‚ generally with fluorine‚ oxygen and nitrogen. Molecules having non polar covalent bonds do not form hydrogen bonds. Hydrogen bonds are classified as weak bonds as they are easily and rapidly formed and broken‚ however the cumulative effects of large
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Adenosine Triphosphate‚ also known as ATP‚ is the molecule responsible for the energy that we‚ and all other organisms‚ need to survive. It is produced primarily in the processes of aerobic and anaerobic respiration by oxidative and substrate phosphorylation. 4 molecules of ATP are produced from 4 ADP and 4 inorganic phosphates in glycolysis in the cytoplasm of every cell‚ by the oxidation of a triose phosphate into two molecules of pyruvate. In anaerobic respiration these are the only 4 ATP
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The Process of Osmosis and its Importance to Living Organisms. Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane that does not allow dissolved solids (solutes) to pass. Osmosis refers only to diffusion of water and the direction of movement is from the area of higher concentration to the area of lower concentration. This migration of water from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration is spontaneous and although water molecules move in both directions
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A molecule of water consists of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms joined by covalent bonds. Water as a liquid is vital to existence and plays extremely important roles in many aspects of both plant and animal lives. These aspects include temperature control‚ support‚ chemical reactions‚ transport and protection. Without the ability to control our temperature‚ we as humans would not be able to survive in our natural environment. If our internal body temperature was to rise or fall even a few degrees
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Why are Living Organism so Diverse ? Regardless of world’s life diversity‚ we all‚ from the ant to the whale and us humans have DNA linkage‚ which gives us the evidence for one common ancestor. The question that comes up now is how from this very primitive common ancestor did we all end up so diverse. Biologist have dedicated they life to answer this question‚ Through this essay I shall show how through different aspects life has become so diverse. Timescale Life as not evolve suddenly from its
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Mitosis in a Nutshell • The stages of the cell cycle can be broken down into six stages: o Interphase‚ Prophase‚ Metaphase‚ Anaphase‚ Telophase Interphase • Is the "resting" or non-mitotic portion of the cell cycle. • It is comprised of G1‚ S‚ and G2 stages of the cell cycle. • DNA is replicated during the S phase of Interphase Prophase - the first stage of mitosis. • The chromosomes condense and become visible • The centrioles form and move toward opposite ends of the cell ("the poles")
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Process of Diffusion and its importance in living organisms Diffusion is the movement of molecules or ions down a concentration gradient i.e. from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. For a diffusion system to be efficient‚ it should have a large surface area so that high amount of substances can be exchanged at a time. It should also have a thin membrane and a continuous supply of substances‚ as a thin membrane means that the diffusion pathway would be short‚ and the continuous
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Meiosis I Prophase I: - nuclear membrane dissolves * centrioles move to poles * spindle fibres forming * DNA has been replicated and forms chromosomes made of 2 identical chromatids * Homologous chromosomes line up to form a bivalent‚ 2 chromosomes or 4 chromatids (TETRAD)‚ this process is called SYNAPSIS * Where chromatids overlap is called a CHIASMATA‚ and it allows for CROSSING OVER of genetic information between chromosomes Metaphase I: - homologous chromosomes
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Title- Mitosis Abstract –For this lab there is no experiment to be done only questions to be answered. In this experiment we will categorize and count the cells to compute the mitotic index of the total root area. Introduction – The purpose of this experiment is to answer questions associated with the onion root tip photos that are pictured in the lab. The questions for this lab will be drawn from the discussion and review section at the beginning of the mitosis lab. Once that section has been
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understanding of living organisms There are 2 types of microscopes these are; light microscope and electron microscope. Light microscopes use a beam of light however the resolution is lower than the electron microscope so the image is not clear‚ however they can view living organisms. These types of microscopes are used in schools to view simple cellular structures‚ which is good to teach simple biology Mitosis and meiosis can be seen with light microscopes. the different stages of mitosis; when the spindle
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