Vodafone and Airtel- A study of the brand positioning of two brands from the same product category. VODAFONE Vodafone Essar‚ formerly known as Hutchison Essar is a cellular operator in India that covers 23 telecom circles in India based in Mumbai.Vodafone Essar is owned by Vodafone 67% and Essar Group 33%. It is the second largest mobile phone operator in terms of revenue behind Bharti Airtel‚ and third largest in terms of customers. Segmentation Vodafone segments its target users by Income
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CASE 4 Giordano: Positioning for International Expansion Company Background Giordano was founded in Hong Kong by Jimmy Lai in 1980. In 1981‚ it opened its first retail store in Hong Kong and began to expand its market by distributing Giordano merchandise in Taiwan through a joint venture. In 1985‚ it opened its first retail outlet in Singapore. Responding to slow sales‚ in 1987 Giordano changed its positioning strategy. Until 1987‚ it had sold exclusively men’s casual apparel. When Lai and his
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Practice exercise: Supply‚ demand and market equilibrium The World Market for Crude Oil: Is the Era of Cheap Oil Over? Written by Daniel Fernández-Kranz* Last updated April‚ 2013 * The material used in this exercise comes mainly from the document on the market for crude oil from the Research Department of ‘La Caixa’‚ September 2008: Oil-thirsty emerging economies. The Price of oil has experienced a sharp increase since 2000. Many have warned that the era of cheap oil is over and that this can
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What is Marketing : The word Marketing in narrow sense is used as the sum up of selling process. Now a days marketing is considered as managing profitable customer relationships. Hence‚ we define marketing as the process by which companies create value for customers and build strong customer relationships in order to capture value from customers in return. Here the figure 1.1 presents a simple five step model of the marketing process. In the first four steps companies work to understand consumers
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INTRODUCTION Microsoft Corporation started its work in Washington. Its co-founder is one of the successful persons in the world named Bill gates. Microsoft has many products ranging from windows operating system to internet portal (which provide all related services of internet) History of Nokia tells us that it hasn’t been a manufacturer of phones in past‚ this company made footwear‚ tires and paper products before it involved in mobile industry. In 1990 the company focused only on telecommunication
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Excellence >>BMW BMW is the ultimate driving machine. Manufactured by the German company‚ Bayerische Motoren Werke AG‚ BMW stands for both performance and luxury. The com- pany was founded in 1916 as an aircraft-engine manufac- turer and produced engines during World War I and World War II. It evolved into a motorcycle and automobile maker by the mid-20th century‚ and today it is an internationally respected company and brand with €53 billion (about $76 billion) in revenues in 2008. BMW’s
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MICROSOFT WINDOWS I. Introduction Microsoft Windows is a series of graphical interface operating systems developed‚ marketed‚ and sold by Microsoft. Windows was introduced in 1985 as a graphical operating environment for MS-DOS regarding to the growing number of users interest in graphical user interfaces (GUI). As a result‚ the world’s personal computer market is gradually dominated by Microsoft Windows with over 90% market share‚ surpassing Mac OS‚ which had been introduced in 1984. In September
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Microsoft: On anti-trust and monopolies (or How A Linux User Can Court Ostracism) Introduction In 1890‚ the US Congress passed the Sherman Act. Further‚ the Clayton Act was enacted in 1912. This was followed by the Robinson-Patman Act of 1936. These antitrust laws prohibit agreements in restraint of trade‚ monopolization and attempted monopolization‚ anticompetitive mergers and tie-in schemes‚ and‚ in some circumstances‚ price discrimination in the sale of commodities. Thus‚ the goals of
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TABLET FRIABILITY METHOD 1. 10 tablets of mefenamic acid was selected and weighed. 2. All tablets was placed into the drum of the tablet abration and friability tester. The rate of rotation was set up at 25 rpm for 10 minutes. Then‚ operation was started. 3. At the end of the operation‚ all tablets was removed. The tablets was cleaned from dust using brush and reweighed again. The percentages loss of weight was determined. RESULT Initial weight of tablets = 5.8315g After operation =
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Positioning Strategies in Business Markets An executive summary for managers and executive readers can be found at the end of this article Positioning strategies in business markets Stavros P. Kalafatis Markos H. Tsogas Charles Blankson Professor of Business Marketing‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Senior Lecturer‚ Kingston Business School‚ Kingston-upon-Thames‚ Surrey‚ UK Assistant Professor‚ Grand Valley State University‚ Allendale‚ Michigan‚ USA Keywords
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