7351_2006_1_S03 Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences‚ Karnataka PM.D. [MICROBIOLOGY] DEGREE EXAMINATION Time: 3 Hours [Max. Marks : 100] PAPER I – GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY QP Code: 7351 Your answers should be specific to the questions asked. Draw neat labeled diagrams wherever necessary. Answer all questions LONG ESSAYS 1. 2. 2 X 20 = 40 Marks Discuss the production‚ properties and uses of monoclonal antibodies Discuss various in vitro antibiotic sensitivity
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Chapter 1. Microbiology – Diversity of Organisms Microorganisms- too small to be seen with the unaided eye “germ”- rapidly growing cell Microbes in our lives Pathogenic- disease causing Decompose organic waste Producers in ecosystem (photosynthesis) Produce industrial chemicals such as ethanol and acetone Produce fermented foods ( vinegar‚ cheese‚ bread) Produce products used in manufacturing (cellulose) and treatment (insulin) Designer Jeans: Made by Microbes? Stone washing- Tricoderma
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kingdom of microorganisms was brought into life 3 billion years ago. Since then «the earth is a fundamentally a microbial planet‚ to which the micro-organisms are recent the relatively unimportant additions» (Wheelis‚ Mark‚ Principles of modern microbiology‚ 2008‚ p.1). The term microorganisms consist of bacteria‚ archaea‚ fungi‚ and protest‚ which can either be unicellular or multicellular. They first have been studied by Anton van Leeuwenhoek by the use of his own design microscope‚ in 1675. However
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Importance of Microbiology| in Nursing Agriculture Pharmacy Advertisement Microbiology is a subject dealing with microbes and related concepts. Microbiology has come a long way since discovery of microbes and is presently of great help to mankind. It is used in health care‚ food production‚ diagnosis‚ production of alcohol‚ maintenance of sterility and cleanliness etc. Though the subject was initially limited to study of microbes and their characteristics or properties‚ latter it was explored to
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Microbiology is the study of living organisms that are too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye. The science of Microbiology dates back only to 200 years‚ yet the recent discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 3000 year old Egyptian mummy reminds us that microbes have been around for much longer. Infact‚ Bacterial ancestors were the first living things to appear on Earth. The First observations: One of the most important discoveries in the history of Microbiology occurred in 1665
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MicrobiologHy Hepatitis Hepatitis is the inflammation and necrosis of the liver‚ often the result of viral infection. Hepatitis is an inflammatory disease marked by necrosis of hepatocytes and a mononuclear response that swells and disrupts the liver through interfering with the liver’s excretion of bile into the intestine. Hepatitis is caused by infections from viruses‚ bacteria or parasites‚ liver damage from drugs‚ alcohol and overmedication‚ or immune cells in the body attacking the liver
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Contributors to Microbiology Pioneers of Microbiology I. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Oct. 24‚ 1632- Aug. 30‚ 1723) A. In 1676 Leeuwenhoek saw tiny organisms in water‚ he was the first man to observe and describe bacteria accurately. He discovered microscopic nematodes‚ blood cells and sperm. He also made over 500 microscopes to view specific objects. B. Microbiology is concerned with the study of all forms of life that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Antonie’s work
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VI. Results and Discussion In this exercise‚ the goal was to produce acetylsalicylic acid through the organic synthesis from the reaction of salicylic acid to acetic anhydride‚ the starting materials. Instead of using acetic acid‚ acetic anhydride was used as solvent since the anhydride reacting with water to form acetic acid tends to drive the reaction to the right. It results from the elimination of a molecule of water from two molecules of acetic acid (see Fig. 11.2). Figure 11.3 below
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Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which must be viewed with the aid of a microscope or electron microscope. The importance of microbiology includes: used in biomedical research‚ creation of medicines‚ environmental applications and new research tools. Disease causing organisms include: protists‚ bacteria‚ viruses and other microorganisms. Bacteria are important for fixing N2 in a usable form for plants. Bacteria and some fungi are important in decomposition and recycling
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performed. First‚ a gram stain was performed‚ indicating the bacterium was gram negative. An aerotolerance test determined that the bacterium was a facultative anaerobe. Next‚ a negative result in the methyl red test indicated that no mixed acid fermentation occurred. The DNase test was performed and yielded a positive result. The SIM test provided two outcomes‚ that the bacterium did not reduce sulfur nor produce indole from tryptophan. Afterwards‚ the bacterium was determined to be positive for lysine
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