ASSIGNMENT TOPIC: “THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USINFG NPV (NET PRESENT VALUE) AND IRR (INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN)” NPV (NET PRESENT VALUE) The difference between the present value of cash inflows and the present value of cash outflows. NPV is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV analysis is sensitive to the reliability of future cash inflows that an investment or project will yield. NPV compares the value of a dollar today to the value of that
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The crossover rate‚ where the NPVs are the same is 8.16%. Project A Project B Required Return 8.25% Required Return 8.25% Cash Flows Period Cash Flows Cash Flows Period Cash Flows Initial Outlay -8‚500 0 -8‚500 Initial Outlay -9‚500 0 -9‚500 1 3‚600 1 3‚900 2 2‚400 2 2‚900 3 2‚850 3 2‚900 4 5‚200 4 5‚550 Discounted Payback Period 3.23 Discounted Payback Period 3.28 NPV $2‚907.51 NPV $2‚905.64 Profitability Index
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Pharmaceuticals: Merck Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Hiroshi Amari Working Paper No. 161 Working Paper Series Center on Japanese Economy and Business Columbia Business School December 1998 Columbia-Yale Project: Use of Software to Achieve Competitive Advantage PHARMACEUTICALS: MERCK Sustaining Long-term Advantage Through Information Technology Prepared by Hiroshi Amari Research Associate‚ Yale University William V. Rapp and Hugh T. Patrick Co-principal
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assess whether it is viable to invest or not the NPV technique can be used to compare the present value of returns and costs. If the NPV is negative it implies that costs exceed returns and hence it would not be advisable to invest in such projects. There are also other investment appraisal techniques that are employed apart from the NPV; these are the pay back method‚ accounting rate of return and internal rate of return method. Net present value (NPV) is generally considered as the most correct method
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Net Present Value Net Present Value (NPV) is used in capital budgeting to analyze the profitability of an investment or project. NPV is found by subtracting the present value of the after-tax outflows from the present value of the after-tax inflows. Investments with a positive NPV increase shareholder value and those with a negative NPV reduce shareholder value. In order to compute the NPV for Worldwide Paper Company‚ we have to calculate the cash flow in capital budgeting of the project as below
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Pada tahun 2005‚ Clark Richard menjadi CEO Merck & Co. Sedikitnya lebih dari satu tahun kemudian‚ CEO Pfizer Inc bernama Clark Kindler Jeffrey telah bergabung dengan Merck pada tahun 1972 dan berasal dari latar belakang industri‚ sedangkan Kindler telah bergabung dengan Pfizer dari McDonald’s pada tahun 2002 sebagai konsultan hukum umum. Seperti CEO mereka‚ kedua perusahaan itu secara historis mengikuti jalur yang sangat berbeda; Merck dikenal karena keahlian penelitian‚ sedangkan Pfizer dianggap
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You Decide Assignment on Merck’s Acquisition of Medco By Zankhana Desai FIN 561- Mergers and Acquisition Professor: Yvan Nezerwe Keller Graduate School of Management Table of Contents C5.1.0 Executive Summary…………………………………………….3 C5.1.1 The Major Driving Force of the Merck-Medco Acquisition.. 3-4 C5.1.2 The Role of PBM Companies……………………………….. 4-5 C5.1.3 Utilization of Medco’s Database……………………………. 5-6 C5.1.4 Competitive Reactions to Merck- Medco Acquisition ……. 6 C5.1.5 SWOT Analysis……………………………………………
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1. How has Merck been able to achieve substantial returns to capital given the large costs and lengthy time to develop drugs? Merck had a 14% increase in sales between 1997 and 1998 and 22% increase in sales from 1998 – 1999‚ and a 13% annual increase in earnings over the same period. Merck’s business strategy consists of two parts: (1) developing and marketing new drugs through internal research‚ and (2) developing partnerships with smaller biotechnology companies. Since 1995‚ Merck had launched
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6‚ page 358 5 References 6 Assignment 3 – Class 3 # 4‚ page 313 – Merck & Vioxx According to The New York Times article‚ “Merck to Pay $950 Million Over Vioxx” by Duff Wilson‚ the following lawsuits have been settled by Merck: Merck has agreed to pay $950 million and has pleaded guilty to a criminal charge over the marketing and sales of the painkiller Vioxx‚ the company and the Justice Department said Tuesday. Merck agreed to pay a $321 million criminal fine and plead guilty to one misdemeanor
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Merck & Co Case Analysis 1. Problem Statement – Merck & Co ‘s stock market performance had trailed that of competitors in light of the concerns that company was not able to adapt to the changes in environment where as competitors was using their aggressive marketing functional unit as their competitive edge. Company also failed to take advantage of its own market opportunities especially the outcome of aftermarket studies of drugs they launched .Company was very late in adapting to
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