Business Cycle: The business cycle is the cycle of short-term ups and downs in the economy. The recurring and fluctuating levels of economic activity that an economy experiences over a long period of time are called business cycle. At one time‚ business cycles were thought to be extremely regular‚ with predictable durations‚ but today they are widely believed to be irregular. Economic growth is not a steady phenomenon; rather‚ it tends to exhibit a pattern as follows: 1. Contraction 2. Recession
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Citric acid cycle Citric acid cycle PDB: October 2012 Molecule of the Month overview The citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria: Quiz-Lecture 23 Question 1: Which of the following molecules is not a DIRECT product of the citric acid cycle? A)GTP B) NADH C) NADPH D)FADH2 E) CO2 Mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDB: September 2012 Molecule of the Month Mechanism of the pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction Pyruvate
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Several things occur in the Krebs cycle. It takes place in the mitochondrial matrix. The electron transport chain is located in the cristae of a mitochondria. The enzymes used during the Krebs cycle are found within the mitochondrial matrix excluding succinate dehydrogenase‚ which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protein complexes located in the inner membrane perform the transfer and the gradual release of energy is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space of the mitochondria
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KREBS CYCLE It refers to a complex series of chemical reactions that produce carbon dioxide and Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)‚ a compound rich in energy. The cycle occurs by essentially linking two carbon coenzyme with carbon compounds; the created compound then goes through a series of changes that produce energy. This cycle occurs in all cells that utilize oxygen as part of their respiration process. It occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria in the presence of CO2.Pyruvic acid diffuses from
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Cancer and cell cycle control: The cell cycle‚ or cell-division cycle‚ is the series of events that takes place in a cell leading to its division and duplication (replication). In cells without a nucleus (prokaryotic)‚ the cell cycle occurs via a process termed binary fission. In cells with a nucleus (eukaryotes)‚ the cell cycle can be divided in two brief periods: interphase—during which the cell grows‚ accumulating nutrients needed for mitosis and duplicating its DNA—and the mitosis (M) phase
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Menstrual Migraines As a nurse‚ when taking the initial admission report for a female patient who has a history of menstrual related migraines what is the first thing that comes to mind? Are these migraines like a normal headache? What makes them different? There are two types of menstrual migraines‚ those that are true migraines and others called menstrually related migraines. When determining the difference between the two is it important to recall the definition of each. A true menstrual migraine
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3 Phases of Carbon Cycle Phase 1: Carbon fixation The Calvin cycle incorporates each CO2 molecule by attaching it to a five-carbon sugar named ribulose biophosphate (abbreviated RuBP). The enzyme that catalyzes this step is RuBP carboxylase‚ or rubisco. The product of the reaction is a six carbon intermediate so unstable that it immediately splits in half to form two molecules of 3-phoshpyglycerate (for each CO2) Phase 2: Reduction Each molecule of 3-phsophoglycerate receives an additional
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Virtual Lab: The Cell Cycle and Cancer Worksheet 1. In which phase of mitosis do each of the following occur: a. Centromeres split and chromosomes move toward opposite sides of the cell b. Chromatin coils to form visible chromosomes c. The nuclear membrane disappears d. Sister chromatids line up in the center of the cell 2. In which phases of mitosis are sister chromatids visible‚ and attached to each other at the centromere? Table 1: Record your data for the number of cells in
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Journal of International Economics 56 (2002) 299–327 www.elsevier.com / locate / econbase Explaining business cycles in small open economies ‘How much do world prices matter?’ M. Ayhan Kose* Graduate School of International Economics and Finance‚ MS-021‚ Brandeis University‚ Waltham‚ MA 02454‚ USA Received 27 May 1998; received in revised form 20 October 2000; accepted 7 April 2001 Abstract This paper analyzes the role of world price shocks – fluctuations in the prices of capital‚ intermediate
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1. What are the different restriction points of the cell cycle? Describe each. G1 (Restriction) Checkpoint * End of G1‚ just before onset of the S phase (DNA replication) * Yeast “start”; other eukaryotes “restriction point” * The options for the cell at this point: * divide‚ delay division‚ or exit the cell cycle * Cells can exit the cell cycle at this point into an arrested stage (G0) * When this checkpoint is passed‚ cdk4 and cyclin D
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