The Major Issues- Chapter 1 Module 1.1 1. The Mind-Brain Relationship a. Biological Psychology is the study of physiological evolutionary and developmental mechanism of behavior and experience. b. At the microscopic level‚ we find two kinds of cells: the neurons and the glia i. Neurons send messages to each other and also to muscles and glands. They have changing sizes‚ shape and functions. ii. Glia- which are most of the time smaller than neurons have many
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neuron and another cell. Chemical messengers must fulfill four criteria to be considered a transmitter. These four steps include the synthesis of a transmitter substance‚ the storage and release of the substance‚ its interaction with a receptor in the membrane‚ and the removal of the transmitter form the synaptic cleft. The nervous system makes use of two types of neurotransmitters: small-molecule transmitters (acetylcholine‚ amines and A.A) and neuroactive transmitters(peptides) 2. Neurons have developed
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NEURAL CONTROL AND COORDINATION CHAPTER 21 NEURAL CONTROL COORDINATION 21.1 Neural System 21.2 Human Neural System 21.3 Neuron as Structural and Functional Unit of Neural System 21.4 Central Neural System 21.5 Reflex Action and Reflex Arc 21.6 Sensory Reception and Processing 315 AND As you know‚ the functions of the organs/organ systems in our body must be coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Coordination is the process through which two or more organs interact and
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due to the fact that only the "permissive cells" display the right viral receptors. This is called virus "tropism" -many viruses are species-specific‚ partially due to receptor differences. B. membrane structure and hydrophobicity - transmembrane protein: a protein that span across the membrane lipid bilayer‚ at least once. -lipid bilayer- made of lipids. Arranged head to tail because they are hydrophobic. i. What is hydrophobic? - hydro- water -phobic- a very strong feeling opposite
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B- Assuming Joseph’s heart has stopped‚ what cellular processes and membrane functions are going to be affected by the loss of oxygen‚ blood glucose‚ and waste removal? Since Joseph’s heart has stopped oxygen‚ glucose‚ and other essential ions that were required for the heart to pump slowed‚ but the cells continued working using the supply of ATP rapidly. The Carbon dioxide levels inside of the cell rose‚ and the pH began to drop. The mitochondria no longer had the required oxygen and glucose
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here’s a short preview of this essay with formatting removed for you to read Have a little read: ... The cell membrane structure-Fluid mosaic model The cell membrane separates a watery cytoplasm from a watery external environment also known as ECF. The phospholipids are arranged in a double layer (lipid layer) with the hydrophilic heads facing outward (cytoplasm or ECF) and the hydrophilic tails turned in towards each other. The unsaturated fatty acids are not bonded to each other and form a fluid
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solute. Requires cellular energy. Movement of molecules DOWN the concentration gradient. It goes from high to low concentration‚ in order to maintain equilibrium in the cells. Does not require cellular energy. Types of Transport Endocytosis‚ cell membrane/sodium-potassium pump & exocytosisDiffusion‚ facilitated diffusion‚ and osmosis. Types of Particles Transported proteins‚ ions‚ large cells‚ complex sugars. Anything soluble (meaning able to dissolve) in lipids‚ small monosaccharides‚ water
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living things. One important part of a cell is the cell membrane. The cell Membrane is a thin protective coating around a cell that regulates what goes in and out of the cell. An important part of regulating this is passive transport. Passive transport is the movement of materials through membranes without any input of energy. One type of passive transport is diffusion. Passive transport is the diffusion of substances across a membrane. In diffusion‚ molecules will usually move from where the
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Communication‚ Homeostasis & Energy Communication & Homeostasis Outline the need for communication systems within multicellular organisms‚ with reference to the need to respond to changes in the internal and external environment and to co-ordinate the activities of different organs. Organisms need to respond to external stimuli‚ e.g. temperature‚ oxygen concentration and levels of sunlight. These may be over time‚ e.g. winter fur to summer fur‚ or quickly‚ e.g. changing size of pupils. Internal
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the plasma membrane‚ and to indicate the driving force for each. 3. To determine which way substances will move passively through a dif- ferentially permeable membrane (given the appropriate information on concentration differences). 01_001_016_PhyEx8_AP_Ch01 1/10/08 5:27 PM Page 1 The diffusion of solute particles dissolved in water through a differentially permeable membrane is called simple diffu- sion. The diffusion of water through a differentially perme- able membrane is called
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