hypertension are two major causes of glomerular injury.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | True | Correct Answer: | True | | | | | * Question 4 0 out of 1 points | | | Nephrotic syndrome is associated with increased glomerular permeability to the plasma __________‚ resulting in generalized edema.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | proteins | Correct Answer: | protein | | | | | * Question 5 1 out of 1 points | | | Chronic kidney disease leads to hyperkalemia
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Acute Inflammation The survival of all organisms requires that they eliminate foreign invaders‚ such as infectious pathogens‚ and damaged tissues. These functions are mediated by a complex host response called inflammation. Definition of inflammation Inflammation is fundamentally a protective response‚ the ultimate goal of which is to rid the organism of both the initial cause of cell injury (e.g.‚ microbes‚ toxins) and the consequences of such injury (e.g.‚ necrotic cells and tissues)
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1 RENAL FAILURE Prof. Stroehlein 2 OBJECTIVES Identify patients with Actual /Potential Acute or Chronic Renal Failure and respond with appropriate care Describe alterations in body functions related to Renal self care deficits. Discuss and interpret diagnostic tests related to Renal self care deficits. Discuss social‚ economical‚ cultural factors that impact an individuals self care. Use effective teaching and therapeutic communication skills with parents ‚patients families
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Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses ACTIVITY 1 The Resting Membrane Potential 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ reduces the net diffusion of K+ out of the neuron through the K+ leak channels. If the extracellular K+ increases then the concentration of intracellular K+ will decrease causing a decrease in the steepness of the concentration gradient and fewer K+ ions would be drawn out. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K+ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How
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from an area of higher concentration to a lower concentration‚ while osmosis is the transfer of water from a higher concentration to a lower concentration. II. Objectives 1. Demonstrate diffusion and osmosis across membrane. 2. Examine the relation of membrane permeability to diffusion and osmosis. III. Materials 2 thistle tubes‚ 2 big beakers‚ 4 tube clamps to fit iron stands‚ muslin cloth‚ cellophane‚ rubber bands‚ fine-point pentel pens‚ colored pencils/pens and molasses; flask‚ dropper
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Osmosis is the spontaneous net movement of solvent molecules through a partially permeable membrane into a region of higher solute concentration‚ in the direction that tends to equalize the solute concentrations on the two sides. It may also be used to describe a physical process in which any solvent moves‚ without input of energy‚ across a semipermeable membrane separating two solutions of different concentrations. Although osmosis does not require input of energy‚ it does use kinetic energy and
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and mucous membranes) and various internal defenses (phagocytes‚ natural killer cells‚ antimicrobial proteins); It does not involve specific recognition of a microbe‚ acts against all microbes in the same way; designed to prevent microbes from gaining access into the body and to help eliminate those that do gain access. Adaptive immunity: Involves the production of a specific lymphocyte or antibody against a specific antigen Innate Immunity First Line of Defense: Skin and mucous membranes. Skin provides
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penetration. Curr Probl Dermatol 26:90–98. Heyneman CA‚ Lawless-Liday C‚ Wall GC. (2000). Oral versus topical NSAIDs in rheumatic diseases: a comparison. Drugs 60:555–574. Jantharaprapap R‚ Stagni G. (2007). Effects of penetration enhancers on in vitro permeability of meloxicam gels. Int J Pharm 343:26–33. Naik A‚ Pechtold LA‚ Potts RO‚ Guy RH. (1995). Mechanism of oleic acid-induced skin penetration enhancement in vivo in humans. J Control Release 37:299–306. Narjes H‚ Türck D‚ Busch U‚ Heinzel G‚ Nehmiz
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Chapter 25 Control of Body Temperature and Water Balance PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections‚ Sixth Edition Campbell‚ Reece‚ Taylor‚ Simon‚ and Dickey Lecture by Edward J. Zalisko Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education‚ Inc. Introduction: Chilling Out Bears sleep a lot during winter But bears do not hibernate Instead‚ they become dormant – Body temperature drops from 37°C to 31–34°C – True hibernators may cool to 30°C Dormant bears – Are easily awakened – True
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Neurophysiology of Nerve Impulses A C T I V I T Y 1 The Resting Membrane Potential 1. Explain why increasing extracellular K_ reduces the net diffusion of K_ out of the neuron through the K_ leak channels. Increasing the extracellular potassium reduces the concentration gradient‚ and less potassium diffuses out of the neuron and into the cell. 2. Explain why increasing extracellular K_ causes the membrane potential to change to a less negative value. How well did the results compare
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