A Tour of the Cell Overview: The Importance of Cells • All organisms are made of cells. o Many organisms are single-celled. o Even in multicellular organisms‚ the cell is the basic unit of structure and function. • The cell is the simplest collection of matter that can live. • All cells are related by their descent from earlier cells. Concept 2 Eukaryotic cells have internal membranes that compartmentalize their functions Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
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plasma membrane‚ electron transport chain‚ transcription/ translation machinery (relies on ribosomes) Organelles Cytoskeleton (non membrane bound) Support/shape‚ internal organization‚ movement of cell/ movement within cell. Microfilaments‚ microtubules‚ intermediate filaments Ribosomes (non membrane bound) Protein synthesis‚ catalyzes RNA reactions Nucleus (membrane bound) nuclear envelope‚ nuclear pores‚ nucleolus‚ DNA/ proteins organized into chromosomes/ chromatin Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Origin and Discovery: In 1969‚ Dr. John Opitz described two similar conditions that he called G syndrome and BBB syndrome. Further research suggested that these two conditions were one disorder but researchers could not agree on how this disorder was inherited. It wasn’t until 1995 that one type of Opitz syndrome was linked to 22q deletion syndrome. The 22q11.2 deletion is now thought to be the original cause of the medical problems for some patients with Opitz G/BBB syndrome. Symptoms and
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Cytoplasm Oxygen Cytoplasm fills up all the empty space. Oxygen fills up the empty space on a farm too. Any where open‚ there is oxygen. Microtubules Nails‚ screws‚ wire‚ etc These hold everything on the farm together and give it structure. The microtubules hold everything together and keep their shape and structure. If the mitochondria (Windmill) was missing‚ there would be no energy to run the farm. It would be a
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Different Parts of a Plant Cell Plant cells are classified into three types‚ based on the structure and function‚ viz. parenchyma‚ collenchyma and sclerenchyma. The parenchyma cells are living‚ thin-walled and undergo repeated cell division for growth of the plant. They are mostly present in the leaf epidermis‚ stem pith‚ root and fruit pulp. Mature collenchyma cells are living‚ and provide stretchable support to the plant. Lastly‚ sclerenchyma cells (e.g. fiber cells) are hard‚ non-living and
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function to a living thing. Structure: cell wall (plants)‚ cytoskeleton (animals). The cytoskeleton is made up of microtubules and microfilaments. Microfilaments help the cell move and complete the framework of a cell. Microtubules are important for cell division. Proteins in the nucleus form centrioles and they organize and aid cell division. ORGANELLES TO REVIEW: * microtubules vs. microfilaments (function)‚ centriole * vesicle * contractile vacuole REVIEW ELECTRON MICROSCOPES
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Biology: Concepts and Connections‚ 6e (Campbell) Chapter 4 A Tour of the Cell Multiple-Choice Questions 1) Which of the following statements about cells is true? A) All cells have cell walls. B) All cells have internal structures that move. C) All cells are attached to other cells. D) All cells are motile. E) All cells have static organelles. Answer: B Topic: Opening Essay Skill: Factual Recall 2) Light microscopes A) can
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called the "microtubule organizing center") is a small body located near the nucleus. The centrosome is where microtubules are made. During cell division (mitosis)‚ the centrosome divides and the two parts move to opposite sides of the dividing cell. The centriole is the dense center of the centrosome. Only animal cells have centrosomes. Color and label the centrioles purple. Microtubules are shaped like soda straws and give the nucleus and cell its shape. Label the microtubules inside the
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pole)‚ perhaps by the release of microtubule attachments from the more distant pole by each of the chromosomes. The syntelic orientation just prior to anaphase I leaves each sex chromosome attached to the nearest pole via kinetochore microtubules‚ ensuring nonrandom segregation” (3). Moreover‚ during anaphase I each pair of chromosomes begins to move towards the poles. According to Arthur Forer and Paula J. Wilson‚ during anaphase 75 % of kinetochore microtubules shorten at the pole
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Section 1: Binary fission‚ mitosis‚ & meiosis Reading: Chapter 7 Watch and Learn: Mitosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1cVZBV9tD-A&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw Meiosis http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rB_8dTuh73c&feature=share&list=UUEik-U3T6u6JA0XiHLbNbOw Basic Learning objectives After completing the readings and practice exercises‚ students should be able to: Describe the process of binary fission. Describe the features and components of eukaryotic chromosomes and sister
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