offspring are identical | Highly diverse‚ offspring are a genetic recombination of 2 parents‚ there is also opportunity for many mutations in meiosis | Mutation is a source of variation in both‚ asexual offspring are otherwise identical to parent‚ sexual offspring are genetic recombinations of parents. | Similarities of Mitosis and Meiosis
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combines the genetic contribution of each parent into the new offspring. 2. Distinguish between asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual Reproduction-A form of reproduction which does not involve meiosis or fertilization without fusion of gametes. Sexual Reproduction- Has two processes: meiosis‚ involving halving the number of chromosomes and crossing over to get more gene combinations and fertilization‚ involving the fusion of two gametes and the restoration of the original number of chromosomes
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the testes and are formed from cells by a type of cell division called mitosis and then meiosis. This process begins at puberty. Spermatogonia cells are made by mitotic division of the primordial germ cell. Mitotic cell division produces diploid cells that are identical to the Parent cell with 46 chromosomes. The Spermatogonia increases in size and mass and becomes a spermatocyte which then divides by meiosis. Meiotic cell division results in four haploid cells each with 23 homologous chromosome
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Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. a a A A GF 2007 A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis AB alleles on I different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b Homologous chromosomes pair-up. Chromatids visible. Spindle forms a a A A GF 2007 A Diploid cell with Unlinked genes – Meiosis I AB alleles on different paternal chromosomes ab alleles on different maternal chromosomes B B b b Homologous chromosomes
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9 Meiosis CHAPTER OUTLINe Meiosis (p. 172) 9.1 Discovery of Meiosis (p. 172; Figs. 9.1‚ 9.2) A. In 1882‚ Belgian cytologist Pierre-Joseph van Beneden discovered that the gametes of the roundworm Ascaris contained two chromosomes while somatic cells contained four. B. Fertilization 1. van Beneden proposed in 1887 that an egg and sperm could fuse to form a zygote. 2. The fusion of gametes is called fertilization or syngamy. C. Meiosis 1. A reduction division is required to reduce the number
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mitosis and meiosis in a plant cell or an animal cell. The relative duration of each stage in the cell cycle will also be learned during this lab. By doing this lab we will also create a model of and understand the process of crossing over. This lab also helps students understand the similarities along with differences between mitosis and meiosis. Purpose The objectives of the lab were to help give us a better understanding of cell cycles and divisions. Methods/Procedure 5.2 Meiosis: First we
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4.3 Theoretical genetics 4.3.1 Define genotype‚ phenotype‚ dominant allele‚ recessive allele‚ co-dominant alleles‚ locus‚ homozygous‚ heterozygous‚ carrier and test cross * Genotype- the alleles of an organism * Phenotype- the characteristics of an organism * Dominant allele- an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous state * Recessive allele- an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the
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Meiosis How does sexual reproduction lead to genetic variation? Why? Cells reproduce through mitosis to make exact copies of the original cell. This is done for growth and repair. Sexually-reproducing organisms have a second form of cell division that produces reproductive cells with half the number of chromosomes. This process is called meiosis‚ and without it‚ humans‚ oak trees‚ beetles‚ and all other sexually-reproducing organisms would be vastly different than they are today. Model
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Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System Scrotum The scrotum is a sac-like organ made of skin and muscles that houses the testes. It is located inferior to the penis in the pubic region. The scrotum is made up of 2 side-by-side pouches with a testis located in each pouch. The smooth muscles that make up the scrotum allow it to regulate the distance between the testes and the rest of the body. When the testes become too warm to support spermatogenesis‚ the scrotum relaxes to move the testes away
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Meiosis was discovered and described for the first time in sea urchin eggs in 1876 by the German biologist Oscar Hertwig. It was described again in 1883‚ at the level of chromosomes‚ by the Belgian zoologist Edouard Van Beneden‚ in Ascaris worms’ eggs. The significance of meiosis for reproduction and inheritance‚ however‚ was described only in 1890 by German biologist August Weismann‚ who noted that two cell divisions were necessary to transform one diploid cell into four haploid cells if the number
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