PREPAID ENERGY METER The present system of energy billing is error prone and also time and labor consuming. Errors get introduced at every stage of energy billing like errors with electro-mechanical meters‚ human errors while noting down the meter reading‚ and errors while processing the paid bills and the due bills. There are many cases where the bill is paid and then is shown as a due amount in the next bill. There is no proper way to know the consumer’s maximum demand‚ usage details‚ losses
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1. INTRODUCTION The sun is the largest source of renewable energy and this energy is abundantly available in all parts of the earth. It is in fact one of the best alternatives to the non-renewable sources of energy. Solar energy has been used since prehistoric times‚ but in a most primitive manner. Before 1970‚ some research and development was carried out in a few countries to exploit solar energy more efficiently‚ but most of this work remained mainly academic . After the dramatic rise in oil
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SMART ENERGY METER A smart meter is usually an electrical meter that records consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less and communicates that information at least daily back to the utility for monitoring and billing purposes. Smart meters enable two-way communication between the meter and the central system. Unlike home energy monitors‚ smart meters can gather data for remote reporting. Smart Meters" usually involve real-time or near real-time sensors‚ power outage notification
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ConstruCtion microcontroller-based Ultrasonic distance meter and receiver)‚ current buffer ULN2003‚ operational amplifier LM324‚ inverter here are several ways to measCD4049‚ four 7-segment displays‚ five ure distance without contact. transistors and some discreet comOne way is to use ultrasonic ponents. The ultrasonic transmitterwaves at 40 kHz for distance measurereceiver pair is shown in Fig. 1. ment. Ultrasonic transducers measure Ultrasonic generators use piezothe amount of time
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the energy meter. The main aim of this project is whenever u r recharging with some amount say example Rs.100/- by doing SMS to the MODEM‚ the bulb gets automatically ON until your recharge gets zero. After getting your balance zero your device gets automatically switched OFF and you will get a message from the MODEM that you have to recharge your mobile and the process takes place continuously. Block diagram: GSM modem 8051 microcontroller Energy meter
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Figure 9 Contour of P at 80% Span Figure 10 Velocity Vectors at 20% Span Figure 11 Velocity Vectors at 50% Span Figure 12 Velocity Vectors at 80% Span 11. Meridional Plots Figure 13 Contour of Mass Averaged Pt on Meridional Surface Figure 14 Contour of Mass Averaged C on Meridional Surface Figure 15 Vector of Area Averaged Cm on Meridional Surface 12. Circumferential Plots Figure 16 Contour of Pt at Blade LE Figure 17 Contour of C at Blade LE Figure
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ELEGANT HOME WITH POWER SAVING‚ SECURITY‚ SAFETY‚ REMOTE CONTROLLING AND AUTO CONTROL OF WATER TANK MOTOR CHAPTER 1 ABSTRACT The main aim of this project is provide security‚ safety and automation for homes and offices. These are very essential in present life style. Security is primary concern for every one. This Project describes a design of effective security alarm system that can monitor the house with eight different sensors. Unauthorized access‚ Fire accident‚ wall
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CHEMICAL PROCESS PRINCIPLES (CEN 1022) Tutorial 3 : Process Variables 1. The specific gravity of gasoline is approximately 0.70. a) Determine the mass (kg) of 50.0 liters of gasoline. b) The mass flowrate of gasoline exiting a refinery tank is 1150kg/min. Estimate the volumetric flow rate in litres/s. 3. How many of the following are found in 15.0kmol of benzene(C6H6)? a) kg C6H6 b) mol C6H6 c) Ib-mol C6H6 d) mol (g-atom) C e) mol H f) g C g) g H h) molecules
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convergent divergent? What assumptions are adopted in analyzing flow through nozzle? Explain the significance of critical pressure ratio. What is the steady flow energy equation of nozzle? Explain its use in calculating the steam velocity at exit? Why the divergent portion of nozzle is necessary? Define nozzle efficiency. What is the effect of friction in nozzle Explain the physical concept of critical pressure ratio Explain supersaturated flow through nozzle & Wilson line? What is the metastable expansion
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Example 1 Nozzle Flow - Steam Steam at 1.5 bar and 150 deg C enters a nozzle at 10 m/s and exits at 1 bar. Assuming the flow is reversible and adiabatic‚ determine the exit temperature and velocity. If the exit nozzle area is 0.001 m2‚ evaluate the mass flow rate of the steam through the nozzle. P1 = 1.5 bar T1 = 90 deg C V1 = 10 m/s A2 = 0.001 m2 P2 =1 bar T2 = ? V2 = ? mdot = ? V2 = sqrt(V1*V1+2*(h1-h2)) mdot = rho*A2*V2 = A2*V2/v2 T2 382.60 m/s 0.22 kg/s 111.81 degC Superheated
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