that it can increase labor productivity and‚ there- fore‚ net revenue by reducing air pollution in its mines. It estimates that the marginal cost function for reducing pollution by installing additional capital equipment is MC = 40P where P represents a reduction of one unit of pollution in the mines. It also feels that for every unit of pollution reduction the marginal increase in revenue (MR) is MR =1‚000 =10P. How much pollution reduction should Appalachian Coal Mining undertake? The installation
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where they live; and consumers typically have a very limited set of goods to choose from. As a result‚ many of the tools and concepts of microeconomics are of limited relevance in those countries. •macroeconomics Branch of economics that deals with aggregate economic variables‚ such as the level and growth rate of national output‚ inter· est rates‚ unemployment‚ and inflation. Trade-Offs In modern market economies‚ consumers‚ workers‚ and firms have much more flexibilityand choicewhen
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Managerial Economics Managerial Economics is a branch of economics. With the help of this branch‚ we can apply Economics in decision making. Managerial Economics bridges the gap between economic principles/ theory and managerial practice. To take a specific decision‚ this branch applies micro economic analysis. We can apply the principles of Economics in taking decisions related to some problems like scale of operation‚ quantum of resources to be employed‚ marketing etc. Because of
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SUPPLY supply curve - in economics‚ graphic representation of the relationship between product priceand quantity of product that a seller is willing and able to supply. Product price is measured on the vertical axis of the graph and quantity of product supplied on the horizontal axis. In most cases‚ the supply curve is drawn as a slope rising upward from left to right‚ since product price and quantity supplied are directly related (i.e.‚ as the price of a commodity increases in the market‚ the
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Marginal Analysis A. Marginal Revenue: The increase in revenue generated from the sale of one additional unit of output 1. If there is a positive value associated with the marginal revenue there is an increase in the total revenue. Once the marginal revenue reaches or arrives at 0 then the total revenue is maximized. A decrease or negative in marginal revenue will cause the total revenue to go down. B. Marginal Cost: The additional‚ extra cost involved
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Cost drivers‚ as propounded by Porter (1985) are the structural causes of the cost of an activity in the value chain. They determine the behaviour and level of costs within an activity. A cost driver can be completely‚ partly or not at all under the control of a firm. It is therefore important for a manager to understand these factors because according to the Neo-classical model of the firm‚ the firm’s objective is to maximise profit by producing a given level of output at the minimum cost level
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price ceiling of $3 will result in a A. B. C. D. shortage of 30 units. shortage of 15 units. surplus of 30 units. surplus of 12 units. 2. In a competitive market‚ the market demand is Qd = 60 - 6P and the market supply is Qs = 4P. The full economic price under a price ceiling of $3 is A. B. C. D. 6. 7. 8. 9. 3. The buyer side of the market is known as the: A. B. C. D. income side. demand side. supply side. seller side. 4. The law of demand states that‚ holding all else constant:
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05 MBA 12 Managerial economics No. of Lecture Hrs / Week : 04 Total No. of Lecture Hrs : 56 MODULE 1 IA Marks : 50 Exam Hours : 3 Hours Exam Marks : 100 7 HOURS Introduction of Economics: Managerial Economics – Nature‚ Scope & Significance‚ Role of Managerial Economist in decision-making – Relationship of Managerial Economics with functional areas of business MODULE 2 7 HOURS Fundamental Principles/Concepts of Managerial Economics: Opportunity Costs‚ Incremental‚ Time perspective
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Price Elasticity: Price Elasticity is used to explain the degree of responsiveness of the demand for a product to a change in its price. Ep=Percentage change in quality demanded/Percentage change in price (Ep=Price Elasticity) Practical applications of Price Elasticity: 1) Helps in fixing the prices of different goods: It helps a producer to fix the price of his product. A higher price is charged if the demand for the product is inelastic and a lower price is charged if the demand for the product
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Question 1 : Inflation is a global Phenomenon which is associated with high price causes decline in the value for money. It exists when the amount of money in the country is in excess of the physical volume of goods and services. Explain the reasons for this monetary phenomenon. Define Inflation Ans :- Inflation is the percentage change in the value of the Wholesale Price Index (WPI) on a year-on year basis. It effectively measures the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services in
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