Word Count: 1‚622 Ayyubid and Mamluk Jerusalem The core idea of God/sacred argued by Armstrong in Jerusalem: One City‚ Three Faiths is the idea of a sort of transcendence into something greater than just who we are as people. The exact meanings of sacred and holiness can vary throughout a culture over a period of time with the main idea remaining the same. During the period of Mamluk reign in Jerusalem‚ the city’s holiness had become more spiritual to the Muslims than ever before. As Christians
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under the strong impression of the events themselves. Whereas‚ Mazhar al taqdis bi zawal dawlat al-faransis was written “following the French evacation of Egypt and the return of ottamans” (Hatina‚ 2010‚ p.137)‚ which was “only after four years of the Mamluk chaos” (Awad‚ 1986‚ p. 8). Lastly‚ Aja’ib al athar fi al tarajim wal- akhbar‚ which is al Jabarti’s “most important work
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History of Egypt Egypt’s Prehistoric Times: The prehistoric times of Egypt were a very long time ago. It was the time before the pharaohs‚ and before anyone knew how to write. Prehistory dates from as far back as you can imagine‚ think millions of years‚ to about 3000 B.C. when the 1st Dynasty of Egyptian pharaohs began their rule. There is not much that is known about prehistoric Egyptians. Egypt was not one big desert with a river giving it life such as it is now. The land was green and grassy
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The emergent of Mamluks started under Hasan Pasha’s whose intent was to strengthen his personal base of power by creating a group of disciplined military and civil functionaries committed uniquely to him and not to the government at Istanbul or the Arabs of Baghdad. A page corps was formed‚ originally recruited from local families but later composed almost exclusively of slaves imported from the Caucasus and Georgia (Thomas Philipp‚ Ulrich Haarmann‚ 1998.) These slaves were instructed in reading
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Finally‚ another explanation for why Sufism spread so widely in the Mamlūk period‚ is the consolidation of an institutionalised identity from the Sufi brotherhoods‚ most conspicuously the Shādhilīya order. Hoffer argues that the creation of an institutionalised Shādhilī identity was just as one of the many outcomes of the institutionalisation of Sufi philosophy and religious practice. It was these institutionalised creeds and religious activities which gave a sense of allurement to charismatic individuals
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establish in Egypt a hereditary dynasty for his family. The main purpose of Muhammed Ali’s reforms was to strengthen the armed forces. He modeled his military along European lines. The goal of building european- style army was to get rid of the Mamluks. Mamluks were opposing Muhammed Ali’s reforms and they refuse to obey him‚ consequently Muhammed Ali massacred about 74 of them as they were leaving his castle after dinner. This step helped Muhammad Ali to atcheive his reforms. In addition of sending
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Muslim territory (a practice adopted by the Ottomans). European nationals were freed from having to bey Ottoman laws or pay taxes. This attracted European traders‚ and spared the ottomans from having to settle their disputes. System adopted from the Mamluks. Constantinople former capital of the Byzantine Empire and of the Ottoman Empire ‚ since 1930 officially called Istanbul (for location and description‚ see Istanbul ). It was founded (AD 330) at ancient Byzantium as the new capital of the Roman
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The beginnings of Islamic art [edit] Before the dynasties It is quite difficult to distinguish the earliest Islamic objects from their predecessors in Sasanian and Byzantine art; in fact‚ they utilize the same techniques and the same motifs. There was‚ notably‚ a significant production of unglazed ceramics‚ witnessed by a famous small bowl preserved in the Louvre‚ whose inscription assures its attribution to the Islamic period. Vegetal motifs were the most important in these early productions
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for 320 years (1206–1526).[7][8] Five dynasties ruled over Delhi Sultanate sequentially‚ the first four of which were of Turkic origin and the last was the Afghan Lodi. The Lodi dynasty was replaced by the Mughal dynasty. The five dynasties were the Mamluk dynasty (1206–90); the Khilji dynasty (1290–1320); the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414); the Sayyid dynasty (1414–51); and the Afghan Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). Qutb-ud-din Aibak‚ a former slave of Muhammad Ghori‚ was the first sultan of Delhi and his dynasty
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Many people have thought about taking over the world. One man and a huge army almost did so. The Mongol Empire was ruled by the greatest land conqueror of all time. Genghis Khan‚ he and his descendants led them through the three major stages of their reign. Genghis Khan united the different groups of nomads in Asia to create the greatest land conquering empire of all time. Temujin a Mongol chieftain who later became known as Genghis Khan rose to power as a teenager. While still a teenager Khan was
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