CHAPTER 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE Rationale of the study There are more than 3 000 known mosquito species. However‚ of the 150 species that are potential vectors‚ only 30 are considered dangerous. The three genera Anopheles‚ Aedes and Culex‚ from three sub-families‚ are disease relevant. The epidemiology and the life cycle stages demonstrate the importance of climatic factors and that water is the essential environmental component for mosquitoes. The immature
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Dengue Virus Infection I. What is the name of the disease? What is the name of the pathogen that causes this disease? A. Dengue fever 1. Four related viruses 2. DENV 1‚ DENV 2‚ DENV 3 or DENV 4 B. Dengue Virus Infection II. What are some characteristics of the pathogen? How is the pathogen grown in the lab? A. Single stranded RNA virus 1.Positive strand virus of the family Flaviviridae 2. Virus enveloped with a lipid membrane. B. Replication grown in serum
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Chikungunya is a mosquito-borne arbovirus and a member of the genus Alphavirus and the family Togaviridae. The word ‘Chikungunya’ is derived from the Makonde language that translates the word in “that which bends up”. It is referred to the stooped posture associated with chronic and incapacitating arthralgia suffered by those infected patients (cited by Kondekar et al.‚ 2006 in Her & Kam & Lin & Ng‚ 2009). Chikungunya was discovered during analysis of isolated blood samples of a febrile patient in
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SIR Model of Ebola On March 2014‚ the epidemic of Ebola virus disease was detected in West Africa. The outbreak began in Guinea on December 2013‚ but was not detected until just this March‚ when it had already spread to several other countries like Liberia‚ Nigeria and Senegal. The Ebola virus can cause a fatality rate up till 90%‚ however the fatality rate in the current outbreak is closer to 50%. On August 2014‚ the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the current outbreak of Ebola as a Public
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Chapter 1 – The Problem Introduction Dengue fever‚ also known as breakbone fever‚ is a mosquito-borne tropical disease caused by the dengue virus. Dengue becomes a major international public health concern. Dengue is found in tropical and sub-tropical regions around the world‚ predominantly in urban and semi-urban area. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates there may be 50-100 million dengue infections globally every year‚ with two-fifths of the world population‚ or 2.5 billion people‚
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A. Trachoma This is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium “Chlamydia trachomatis”. The infection causes the inner surface of the eyelids to become rough leading to pain in the eye‚ breakdown of the cornea and possible blindness. Untreated‚ repeated trachoma infections result in entropion - a painful form of permanent blindness when the eyelids turn inward‚ causing the eyelashes to scratch the cornea. Children are the most susceptible to infection due to their tendency to easily get dirty
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Using the numbers language is the best way to estimate how threatening and common this virus can be. Epidemiological studies have reported a total of 44 countries which had Zika outbreaks from 2007 to 5 February 2016. This includes 33 countries that reported transmission in between 2015 and 2016. The most affected countries are Brazil with up to 1‚482‚701 cases reported since the outbreak began and Colombia with 20‚297 cases reported (up to 23 January 2016). Since the country’s first cases were
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Termites and other wood-boring bugs like carpenter ants do their dirty work behind the walls of our homes. Although we might see the swarmers‚ or reproductive termites‚ flying around during mating season‚ we rarely see the workers chomping away 24 hours a day‚ 7 days a week. Normally‚ we only know we have a termite problem when we see hollows or small‚ black holes in sheetrock or buckling wood in window or door frames. Aside from some preventative measures we can take to make our houses less appealing
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The figure from the article Updated Brain Map Identifies Nearly 100 New Regions‚ by Carl Zimmer‚ is not only unhelpful‚ but does not convey anything meaningful other than the great quantity of regions discovered. The purpose of the article is to report on a group of scientists’ discovery and their revised mapping of the brain with new regions. The image displays a multitude of regions that are seemingly random as neither the article nor a legend explains the significance of the borders drawn on the
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ENTO 322-700 Discussion Article ID: 1c What is the hypothesis being tested by this research? [Reframe the primary question to be answered as a hypothesis if there is no direct hypothesis stated] The hypothesis being tested by this research was to see if a $20 device called a GAT could lure male mosquitos to a trap. If the mosquitos can be lured then researchers will be able to monitor them and sterilize them making it easier to monitor the population. What general methods/approaches are used in
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