The Movement of Plate Tectonics Brandon Womac Plate tectonics have played a major role in the history of the Earth. All seven continents are where they are today due to the movement of plate tectonics. These seven continents were one big supercontinent called “Pangea” about 200 million years ago before breaking apart. The three different types of plate boundaries are convergent‚ divergent‚ and transform. These plate boundaries form due to the earth’s outer shell called the lithosphere having multiple
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Igneous rocks form from cooling lava or magma. Igneous rocks that cool from lava have a much shorter cooling time than rocks that cool from magma‚ this is because magma is underneath the earths surface and lava is above the surface. Lava is exposed to much cooler temperatures than it had in the middle of the volcano so it cools much quicker. Since igneous rocks made from lava cool much quicker they have a smaller crystal size. An igneous rock that formed from magma has time for the crystals to grow because
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Subductive boundaries occur where two plates (one continental and one oceanic) are moving toward each other. The denser plate‚ the oceanic‚ is forced underneath the continental. As it subducts into the asthenosphere‚ it begins to turn back into magma. This magma is light and less dense than the asthenosphere‚ so it rises and forces its way through weaknesses in the crust. This is how volcanoes are formed on subductive margins. An example‚ is the Aleutian Islands which are a chain of volcanoes formed
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volcano didn’t calm down until three days after the first roars. The volcano was formed when the Cocos plate converged with the Caribbean plate. The Cocos plate moves under the Caribbean plate this process is called subduction. When Cocos melts‚ hot magma rises
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identified as a caldera. A caldera is shaped more like an inverse volcano. Calderas are the most catastrophic volcanoes out there. They consist of an enormous magma chamber. The Yellowstone stone magma chamber is particularly large. It is only four miles below the Earth’s surface and the chamber is forty miles wide. Forty miles of nearly pure magma could cause a huge amount of damage if it was released. The volcano is nearly 20‚000 years over due for an eruption. The last erution caused the formation
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is 3‚200 km from the nearest plate boundary‚ and is situated in the middle of the Pacific tectonic plate. This is actually a rarity‚ as 90% of volcanoes are along a tectonic plate boundary. A hot spot occurs where long‚ stationary vertical pools of magma rise up and towards the plate. Movement of the tectonic plates above the hot spot created Mauna Loa‚ along with the other Hawaiian volcanoes. The older Hawaiian Islands were once above this stationary hot spot‚ but have been carried northwest by the
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Rocks The term igneous comes from the Latin ignis‚ meaning "fire". Igneous rock is formed when magma cools and solidifies‚ it may do this above or below the Earth’s surface. The atoms and molecules of melted minerals are what make up magma. These atoms and molecule rearrange themselves into mineral grains as the magma cools‚ forming rock as the mineral grains grow together. There are over 700 different types of igneous rocks. Examples of igneous rocks
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to the mantle creating subduction zones which occurs at convergent plate margins or move away from each other causing magma to rise and spread this occurs at divergent plate margins. These plate margins create various relief elements such as volcanoes‚ Fold Mountains‚ sea floors and many others. How they do this is not a mystery as at convergent plate margins it’s the rising of magma that creates volcanoes. Convergent plate margin consist or two plates oceanic and continental. The topographic elements
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Indonesia .in 1815‚ perhaps 50‚000 people lived on Sambaw ‚ a beautiful land of rushing streams gentle hills‚ and thick jungles. Looming over the northern side of the island was Mount Tambora a quite mountain dotted with villages and rice farms. Magma rise through cracks or weaknesses in the earth’s crust from the lava from the eruption. The Mount tambora eruption as the largest and most
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Lecture 1 - Introduction to Geology GEOLOGY - study of the earth‚ its origin‚ history‚ materials‚ processes and resources Geology as a discipline: a. relevance of time‚ b. issue of scale‚ c. complexity of replicatingnatural systems in the laboratory Main Branches: 1. Physical - study of Earth materials and processes> Volcanology‚ Seismology‚ Environmental Geology‚ Engineering Geology‚ Mining Geology‚ Petroleum Geology‚ Mineralogy‚ Petrology‚ Geomorphology‚ Geophysics‚ Geochemistry‚ Planetary
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