in different ways and each type of rock can be changed into the other types of rock. This process is called the Rock Cycle. The rock cycle is the process that makes and recycles rocks. IGNEOUS ROCKS ● ● ● ● ● ● Igneous rocks are formed from magma. Magma cools and solidifies into rock. When igneous rocks are exposed on the surface‚ time and weather break the rock down into smaller and smaller pieces. This process is called weathering and erosion. Wind and water carry the smaller pieces of igneous
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Cause and Effect A volcano erupts when magma escapes from inside the earth. As the magma is escaping from a confined space‚ a lot of energy is released with it‚ as happens with any other explosion. This is why many eruptions also produce huge quantities of gases and dust. Magma sometimes rises under enormous pressure‚ so it not only finds cracks in the earth’s crust‚ it can also create them. When magma reaches the earth’s surface it is called lava. An eruption is caused by lava escaping
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by the accumulation of magma which is molten rock that forms below the earth ’s surface. Magma can erupt through one or more volcanic vents‚ which can be a single opening‚ a cluster of openings‚ or a long crack‚ called a fissure vent. It forms deep within the earth‚ generally within the upper part of the mantle which is one of the layers of the earth ’s crust‚ or less commonly‚ within the base of the earth ’s crust. High temperatures and pressures are needed to form magma. The solid mantle or
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igneous rocks. Igneous rocks can come from two hot liquid like materials‚ which are lava and magma‚ these to substances are a lot alike‚ magma is what lava is before it is taken to the Earth’s surface by a volcano eruption. These substances being such a large part of the forming of Igneous rocks is where the rock gets its name‚ the word igneous comes from the word ignis‚ which is the Latin word for fire. Magma and Lava are a consistency like molten metal and they carry crystallized minerals and are
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Volcanoes begin as magma‚ deep inside the earth‚ which is caused by the extreme heat within the earth ’s interior. Magma develops from 15 to 100 miles beneath the earth ’s surface‚ where it is melted and releases gas. Gradually the magma rises toward the earth ’s surface because it is lighter than the solid rock around it. As the magma rises‚ it melts gaps in the surrounding rock and forms a large chamber two miles from the surface. An eruption takes place when the gas-filled magma under ground is
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most well-observed are magmatic eruptions‚ which involve the decompression of gas within magma that propels it forward. Phreatomagmatic eruptions are another type of volcanic eruption‚ driven by the compression of gas within magma‚ the direct opposite of the process powering magmatic activity. The last eruptive metatype is the phreatic eruption‚ which is driven by the superheating of steam via contact with magma; these eruptive types often exhibit no magmatic release‚ instead causing the granulation
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Minerals Eight most abundant elements in the Earth’s Crust: Abundance % by weight – Most common Ionic Form Most Common Coordination Numbers Relative Ionic Size Oxygen (O) 46.6 % O-2 - - - 1.40 Silicon (Si) 27.7 % Si+4 Si (4) 0.26 Aluminum (Al) 8.1 % Al+3 Al (4‚ or 6) 0.39 Iron (Fe) 5.0 % Fe+2 Fe (6) 0.63 Calcium (Ca) 3.6 % Ca+2 Ca (8) 1.00 Sodium (Na) 2.8 % Na+1 Na (8) 0.99 Potassium (K) 2.6 % K+1 K (8‚ 12) 1.37 Magnesium (Mg) 2.1 % Mg+2 - - - 0.72 Distinction between crystalline and non-crystalline
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eruption? When a part of the earth’s upper mantle or lower crust melts‚ magma forms. A volcano is essentially an opening or a vent through which this magma and the dissolved gases it contains are discharged. Although there are several factors triggering a volcanic eruption‚ three predominate: the buoyancy of the magma‚ the pressure from the exsolved gases in the magma and the injection of a new batch of magma into an already filled magma chamber. What follows is a brief description of these processes. As
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of form. Igneous rocks are rocks that are formed by hot melted materials known as magma. Igneous derive from the Latin language meaning from fire. Igneous rocks have two types; intrusive and extrusive. Sedimentary rocks come into two forms; clastic and chemical. Igneous Rocks: From Liquid to Solid Igneous rocks form when hot melted materials cools and becomes a solid rock. This melted material is called magma once it is found beneath the earth’s surface. As mentioned in the introduction‚ there
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nearby. First of all‚ there are very many causes of volcanoes. Volcanoes are mountains that have hot scorching magma and lava boiling inside of it (Magloff‚ 2013). To begin‚ volcanoes have large channels that transport magma and lava from the crust of the earth to its surface. Underneath the volcano in a large open space‚ is the magma chamber. The magma chamber houses all of the searing magma and lava. When there is
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