Cells‚ Cell Division‚ and Cell Specialization Fundamentally Different Types of Cell Prokaryotic Cell- single celled: only DNA+ structure (“before nucleus”) E.g. zygote-complete DNA Eukaryotic Cell-multi-celled (“after nucleus”) Prokaryotes Eukaryotes DNA In “nucleoid” region Within membrane-bound nucleus Chromosomes Single‚ circular Multiple‚ linear Organelles None Membrane-bound organelles Size Usually smaller Usually larger- 50 times Organization Usually single-celled Often multicellular
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Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex) a flattened‚ layered‚ sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes and is located near the nucleus. It produces the membranes that surround the lysosomes. The Golgi body packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles for "export" from the cell. Lysosome - (also called cell vesicles) round
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these organelles are bounded by a single membrane‚ e.g. lysosomes‚ Golgi apparatus‚ vacuoles; some are bounded by two membranes (an envelope)‚ e.g. nucleus‚ mitochondrion. Beetroot appears as a dark red/ purple colour and this is caused by the betalain pigment‚ which is contained within the vacuole of beetroot cells. In order for the betalain to leave the cell it needs to pass through 2 different membranes; the membrane bounding the vacuole and the membrane enclosing the cell. Betalain pigments‚
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cilia | |J___ Protein synthesis |b. microtubules | |L___ Helps in animal cell division |c. lysosomes | |E___ Contains DNA |d. mitochondria | |N___ Regulates what enters and exits the cell |e. nucleus
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Nucleus. D:Lysosomes>Custodian A custodian takes care of the restrooms in a factory‚ and he kills all the bacteria in the factory workspace‚ that is just what a lysosome does for a cell. E:Central Vacuole>The Restrooms The restrooms flush waste out of the factory and into the sewers‚ like a restroom‚ the central vacuole gets rid of waste inside the cell. F:Mitochondria>Generator The generator generates all of the energy for the factory‚ that is the exact thing that the mitochondria do for the cell
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party‚ party favors were made and given out in a room in the mansion. Lysosomes digest worn out cell components and fuse with food-containing-vacuoles. This is comparable to a party because after the party the butler disposes of the old cans‚ cups‚ napkins‚ crumbs‚ dirt or any other garbage. During the party the guests coat‚ purses and anything else they wanted to store‚ was stored in the closet. This is comparable to the vacuoles in a plant cell because they store substances like food water and
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vesicles as it would be in a cell. The second conveyor belt is similar to the golgi apparatus‚ because it repackages the proteins into new vesicles‚ just like how the bags of marshmallows are repackaged into boxes. The trash of a factory is like lysosomes‚ which gather waste
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Cells Cell Theory- Cells are the smallest units of life All organisms are made of one or more cells All cells come from pre-existing cells Cells are organized Organelles- compartments that perform different functions in the cell Cells can be prokaryotic or eukaryotic Eukaryotes (Animals‚ plants‚ and fungi) Contain: Nucleus Membrane bound organelles Prokaryotes Nucleoid- region that contains DNA Flagellum Characteristics of Chloroplasts and Mitochondria (similar to Prokaryotic Cells)
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trapping eIF2 in its GDP bound state2. In the presence of low nutrients‚ cells will try to make amino acids‚ try to break down proteins so that they can restore the concentration of amino acids and try to pump out any stored amino acids out of the vacuoles/lysosome into cytoplasm while blocking
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difference between a primary and secondary lysosome? What is the function of a lysosome? Explain the structures of mitochondria and chloroplasts. What are the unique features of these organelles that have given rise to the theory of endosymbiosis? What class of organelles do chloroplasts belong to? What are some other examples from this class? Why are vacuoles so important for a plant or protist cell? What do plants and what do protists use the vacuole
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