English Language and Composition Section II Directions: The following prompt is based on the accompanying seven sources. This question requires you to synthesize a variety of sources into a coherent‚ well-written essay. Synthesis refers to combining the sources and your position to form a cohesive‚ supported argument and accurately citing sources. Your argument should be central; the sources should support this argument. Avoid merely summarizing sources. Remember to attribute both direct and indirect
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Why was the work of Robert Koch and his research team so important in improving our understanding of the causes of disease? Before Koch’s developed the understanding of the causes of disease‚ Louis Pasteur published his ‘germ theory’ in 1861. His theory was that germs also cause human diseases. He carried out a series of experiments three years later‚ which convinced scientists that his germ theory was correct. It meant that for the first time in history‚ scientists and doctors knew the origin
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interactions‚ proved to have the same effects on humans? 3. Are there any alternatives to using animals in research? In the past‚ animal research has played a major role in the advancement of medical treatment. The French chemist Louis Pastiur studied infectious diseases in animals and found that these diseases derived from external microorganisms. Pastiur proved through these experiments that a vaccine to prevent these diseases could be produced. It ’s breakthroughs like this
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CELL DIVISION Important Formula #1 In case of animal cells‚ cytokinesis takes place through cell furrow (centripetal). Cytokinesis takes place in plants by the formation of cell plate (centrifugal). Important Formula #2 Meiosis causes reduction chromosome number‚ so it is also known as reduction division. CELL RESPIRATION Important Formula #1 For oxidative phosphorylation‚ 2.5 ATP are produced per NADH and 1.5ATP per FADH2. (Approx.) Important Formula #2 Non-germinating live seeds and
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Microbiology is the study of living organisms that are too small to be clearly seen by the unaided eye. The science of Microbiology dates back only to 200 years‚ yet the recent discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in 3000 year old Egyptian mummy reminds us that microbes have been around for much longer. Infact‚ Bacterial ancestors were the first living things to appear on Earth. The First observations: One of the most important discoveries in the history of Microbiology occurred in 1665
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With reference to two AOK‚ discuss the ways in which shared knowledge can shape personal knowledge Sarah Lee Word Count: 1534 Shared knowledge‚ in common sense‚ refers to a body of knowledge that is commonly accepted or rejected by a collective organization (IB TOK guide). Personal knowledge‚ on the other hand‚ refers to a body knowledge acquired from experiences of a particular individual (IB TOK guide). Since human beings are political animals‚ as Aristotle aptly points out
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Contributors to Microbiology Pioneers of Microbiology I. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (Oct. 24‚ 1632- Aug. 30‚ 1723) A. In 1676 Leeuwenhoek saw tiny organisms in water‚ he was the first man to observe and describe bacteria accurately. He discovered microscopic nematodes‚ blood cells and sperm. He also made over 500 microscopes to view specific objects. B. Microbiology is concerned with the study of all forms of life that are too small to be seen with the naked eye. Antonie’s work
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| 71 | 71‚000 cells/mL | 10-4 | 9 (TLTC) | TLTC | 10-5 | 6 (TLTC) | TLTC | 10-6 | 1 (TLTC) | TLTC | 10-7 | 12 (TLTC) | TLTC | | AVERAGE | 71‚000 cells/mL | DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONS Pasteurization‚ a process named after scientist Louis Pasteur‚ involves the application of heat to destroy the majority of human pathogens in foods. In the dairy industry‚ pasteurization involves the “heating of every particle of milk or milk product to a specific temperature for a specified period of time
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How important was the role played by Edwin Chadwick in improving public health services in the C19th? Edwin Chadwick was important in improving public health as his work illustrated the problems‚ such as pollution from factories and a lack of clean water‚ associated with the majority of towns in the Industrial revolution. However‚ his impact was not the only factor that had influence on public health; other individuals‚ the government and public attitudes were also significant in changing the
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Cited: Dubos‚ Rene J. Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science. Boston: Little‚ Brown and Company‚ 1950. Hill‚ Napoleon. Think and Grow Rich. New York: Fawcett Crest‚ 1960. Plashin‚ Glenn. Turning Point: Pivotal Moments in the Lives of America’s Celebrities. New York: Carol Publishing
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