measure carcinoembryonic antigens‚ like the CA 19-9‚ and pancreatic hormone levels such as glucose‚ insulin‚ and C-peptide are used to check blood levels and can help determine if there is a tumor present. Biopsy is the removing of a small section of tumor and looking at it under a microscope‚ the biopsy is then interpreted by a pathologist to determine whether the tumor is
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dehydrogenase are also measured‚ but despite it being non specific for testicular cancer it is used as a indicator for the bulk of the disease. Alpha fetoprotein is a 70 kilodalton single-chain glycoprotein‚ which in the fetus is synthesised in the liver‚ GI tract and yolk sac for its role as a major serum binding protein.5 It is related to germ cell tumours as it is produced by yolk sac components‚ and to a lesser extent embryonal carcinomas and teratomas. It is found in 20%-25% of teratomas‚ and
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Discussion Diseases that affect The Human Body: 1. Thyroid Disease 2. Pneumonia 3. Tuberculosis 4. Coronary Artery Disease 5. Colon Cancer. 6. Liver Disease Thyroid Disease Signs and Symptoms include: Fatigue Weight Gain Bloating Muscle Weakness Racing Heartbeat Thyroid Disease (cont.) Female women are at greater risk than men. Recent neck trauma‚ biopsy‚ injection or surgery. Current or former smoker. Surgical removal of all or part of the thyroid‚ or radioactive iodine treatment to the
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Eosinophilic Granuloma (unifocul eosinophilic granuloma) The term “eosinophilic granuloma of bone” was introduced by Lichtenstein and Jaffe in 1940‚ although the lesion to which it referred had been described by others before them. The term used to describe a lesion of bone which is primarily a histiocytic proliferation‚ with an abindance of eosinophilic leukocytes but no intercellular lipid accumulation. This disease occurs primarily in older children and young adults‚ and the proportion of male
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Anatomy of Peripheral Nerves Peripheral nerves consist of fascicles that contain myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Endoneurium is the small amount of matrix that is present between individual axons. The perineurium is a sheath of special‚ fiber-like cells that ties the axons of each fascicle together. Epineurium is the connective tissue that surrounds the entire nerve trunk and gives off vascular connective tissue septa that traverse the nerve and separate fascicles from one another. | | Single
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with the intention of primarily affecting the liver. The liver is a major body organ that must function properly in order for the entire body to work. If the liver shuts down‚ the body can only live a couple of days. The liver is a storage place for iron‚ vitamins‚ and sugar that the body needs for energy. The liver also helps cleanse the body of waste products‚ poisons‚ and drugs that could potentially harm the body. When Hepatitis attacks the liver it affects the liver’s abilities to store iron
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reactions and more severe side effects of taking this medication may include Steven-Johnsons syndrome (peeling rash‚ blisters‚ itching)‚ agranulocytosis (low WBC count‚ sore throat‚ fever)‚ aplastic anemia (bruises or bleeding that is caused easily‚ and liver (yellowing of the eyes‚ dark urine) or lung injury. It can also cause clostridium difficile associated diarrhea which is caused by a type resistant bacteria. Manifestations of this include diarrhea‚ abdominal pain‚ or hematochezia. If this medication
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Not enough platelets are made in the bone marrow 2. Increased breakdown of platelets in the bloodstream 3. Increased breakdown of platelets in the spleen or liver 4. Your bone marrow may not make enough platelets if you have: 5. Aplastic anemia 6. Cancer in the bone marrow such as leukemia 7. Cirrhosis (liver scarring) 8. Folate deficiency (Folate deficiency means you have a lower than normal amount of folic acid‚ a type of B vitamin‚ in your blood.) 9. Infections
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Some people with Thrombocythemia may not have signs or symptoms and this condition may only be discovered after routine blood tests. Most people with thrombocythemia are more likely to have serious signs and symptoms. A blood cot may be the first sign that something is wrong. Some signs are headache‚ dizziness‚ weakness and fainting‚ chest pain‚ numbess and tingling in the hands or feet‚ changes in vision‚ a slightly enlarged spleen‚ easy bruising‚ bleeding from the gums‚ or even nose bleeds. The
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bone or joint pain‚ swelling of the stomach‚ weight loss‚ swollen lymph nodes‚ coughing‚ trouble breathing‚ swelling of the face and arms‚ headaches‚ seizures‚ vomiting‚ easy bleeding or bruising‚ and rashes. Blood tests‚ bone marrow aspiration and biopsy‚ and lumbar puncture tests are all used to diagnose Leukemia. For the blood tests‚ a small sample of blood is spread on a glass slide
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