Experiment 2 Date: 24 January 2006 Title : Crystallization of a Crude Sample Objective : Preparation of pure diphenyl via crystallization of crude diphenyl dissolved in ethanol. Structural Formula of Organic Substances Involved : Diphenyl Ethanol Apparatus : Round-bottom flask (100 mL)‚ measuring cylinder (50 mL)‚ conical flask (50 mL)‚ filter flask‚ beaker (100 mL)‚ stemless glass funnel‚ Hirsch funnel‚ capillary tube‚ long glass tube‚ watch glass‚ glass vial‚ water condenser
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Part A: Diffusion on a liquid in a liquid. I did an experiment with three different glasses of tap water from the faucet. All three cups measured the same which happened to be 13 cm from the top of the cup to the bottom of the cup. I let the water settle‚ and sit for about an hour so the temperature was the same for all three cups. I then placed one drop of food coloring into the first glass and waited for the coloring to reach the bottom. I calculated 93 seconds. I then went to the second glass
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sugar to the same amount of boiling water and allow it to be cooled‚ than the one with the additional cup of sugar will be the one that grows more crystals. Therefore‚ the hypothesis was correct. The chosen glass to add the pure cane sugar did grow much more crystals at a more rapid pace. The purpose of the experiment is to grow a large amount of crystals on a wooden skewer. Rock candy is a candy made with sugar that to attempt to grow on a wooden skewer. This delicious candy is actually crystallized
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During the synthesis of acetaminophen‚ it is necessary to dissolve all solid material‚ and heat the reaction at a high enough temperature and for a long enough time period to ensure completion. Cooling the mixture in an ice bath ensures that all crystals have formed‚ and drying removes any remaining solvent. The synthesis of acetaminophen does not result in a pure product‚ so recrystallization is necessary to purify the substance. During recrystallization‚ it is important to dissolve all
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point was close to 100°C‚ the boiling point of water. A few milliliters of hot solution was removed from the flask with a disposable pipette and placed in a test tube. The test tube was set aside to cool and produce crystals. The color and melting point of the mini batch of crystals were used to assess the effectiveness of activated carbon treatment of the main batch to remove the colored impurities (vide infra). The temperature of the main batch of the reaction mixture in the Erlenmeyer flask
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down to room temperature. As the solution cooled down to room temperature crystals started to form. After reaching room temperature the Craig tube was then transferred into an ice bath until their no more crystallization. We then had to centrifuge the solution to separate the mother liquor and crystal. We then took the crystals out to try on a pre weigh watch glass (52.0994g) to dry. After drying the watch glass with crystal was weigh 52.1602g. It was found that the pure sulfanilamide recovery was
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sample pure substance. *Distillation- for liquid compounds‚ *Recrystallization- solid compounds Recrystallization - precipitation of a solid cpd. from a saturated solution in the form of crystals through cooling or evaporation -7 steps: 1) selecting the appropriate solvent 2) dissolving the solute 3) decolorizing the solution 4) removing suspended solids 5) crystallizing the solute 6) collecting and washing the crystals 7) drying the product - 2 Kinds of Impurities:
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compound of interest and its contaminants • Basic technique: 1. dissolve impure sample in an "appropriate" hot solvent Part A: Choosing a Solvent Part B: Purification of Phenacetin 2. cool solution slowly to induce crystal growth 3. filter resulting mixture to isolate crystals Reading: Mohrig‚ Hammond & Schatz Ch. 15 pgs 183-197 Ch. 10 pgs 104-113 Ch. 14 pgs 174-182 • Scale: 5-10 mg discovery based research - a new material prepared in a lab 1‚000 kg + commercial applications - sugar
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The term ’powder’ really means that the crytalline domains are randomly oriented in the sample. Therefore when the 2-D diffraction pattern is recorded‚ it shows concentric rings of scattering peaks corresponding to the various d spacings in the crystal lattice. The positions and the intensities of the peaks are used for identifying the underlying structure (or phase) of the material. For example‚ the diffraction lines of graphite would be different from diamond even though they both are made of
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the time we return to the initial temperature‚ nearly all of the original material has formed crystals‚ which can be removed from the solvent by filtration. Now‚ suppose that the original solid contained small amounts of impurities. These would go into solution as well‚ but since the impurities are present only in small amounts‚ they remain soluble when the temperature is lowered again. Thus‚ the crystals‚ which come out of solution‚ are more pure than the original sample. This is the essence of purification
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