CHEMICAL BONDS Chemical Bonds I. Introduction Chemical compounds are formed by the joining of two or more atoms. A stable compound occurs when the total energy of the combination has lower energy than the separated atoms. The bound state implies a net attractive force between the atoms called a chemical bond. The two extreme cases of chemical bonds are the covalent bonds and ionic bonds. Covalent bonds are bonds in which one or more pairs of electrons are shared by two atoms. Covalent bonds
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Liquid crystal display Reflective twisted nematic liquid crystal display. 1. Polarizing filter film with a vertical axis to polarize light as it enters. 2. Glass substrate with ITO electrodes. The shapes of these electrodes will determine the shapes that will appear when the LCD is turned ON. Vertical ridges etched on the surface are smooth. 3. Twisted nematic liquid crystal. 4. Glass substrate with common electrode film (ITO) with horizontal ridges to line up with the horizontal
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Combustible Liquids (Examples: alcohols‚ esters‚ ethers‚ ketones) Vapors from flammable and combustible liquids can mix with air and burn if they contact an ignition source. Possible ignition sources include hot electrical wires‚ hot surfaces‚ open flames‚ hot particles and embers‚ and sparks. The lowest temperature at which a liquid releases enough vapor to start burning is called the flash point. The flash point is what distinguishes a flammable liquid from a combustible liquid. Flammables:
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Chemical Formulas and Chemical Compounds MIXED REVIEW SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. Write formulas for the following compounds: CuCO3 a. copper(II) carbonate Na2SO3 b. sodium sulfite (NH4)3PO4 c. ammonium phosphate SnS2 d. tin(IV) sulfide HNO2 e. nitrous acid 2. Write the Stock names for the following compounds: magnesium perchlorate a. Mg(ClO4)2 iron(II) nitrate b. Fe(NO3)2 iron(III) nitrite c. Fe(NO2)3 cobalt(II) oxide d. CoO nitrogen(V) oxide
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object‚ but that does not mean that the chemical composition has to change. The chemical composition can remain the same. Physical properties are separated into two different categories. They are separated in to intrinsic properties and extrinsic properties. Extrinsic properties rely on the amount of material
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Chemical Warfare Diyora Shukurova Period 1 06-05-2014 Chemical warfare is known as the “use of toxic chemicals in battle.” Chemicals have been used for battle throughout centuries. But also known as any toxic chemical which is deadly or can cause injuries. For example‚ poisoned arrows‚ boiling tar‚ arsenic smoke and noxious fumes‚ and there are many more. Chemical weapons were first used in 1915. The germen military was the first to release 168 tons of chlorine gas at Ypres and Belgium which caused
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Chemical bonds are what make up the world. In bonds‚ elements are held together and form compounds that may have new physical and chemical properties. There are two main kinds of bonds‚ they ionic and covalent. In bonding the goal of the atoms involved is to reach a level of stability with less energy. In order to reach the epitome of stability‚ as in the case of noble gases‚ an atom strives to complete its outer shell. Either losing or gaining electrons may do this‚ which concludes in an ionic bond
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Objective:- The aim of this experiment was to find the molar mass of unknown volatile liquid under known temperature and pressure. Introduction Molar mass or gram molar mass is the mass of the substance under consideration without distinguishing whether a substance is an element ‚ a molecule or an ionic compound. These elements‚ molecules or ionic compound could be solid gas or liquid. The molar mass of gas or vapor could be measured if the gases obey the law of Ideal Gas . The mass of
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Chemical Reactions Chemical Reactions Introduction In this paper you learn about the reactions that occur between backing soda and lemon juice. We will also describe what is occurring with the molecules on a molecular level. Lastly we will explain what chemical bonds are formed and or broken when lemon juice and backing soda. Observations of the Reactants When most people hear baking soda they think of the bright orange box sitting in their pantry or refrigerator soaking up the foul odors
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Is glass a solid or a liquid "The idea that glass is a fluid is a very widespread myth." (Yvonne Stokes:1999‚Discover Magazine) This myth has survived for centuries because glass is such a confusing matter which cannot be compared to the three ordinary kinds of matter described in our particle theory of matter. Gasses contain free flowing molecules which are much further apart then liquids and gasses which removes the possibility of glass being a gas. A liquid however contains tighter bound molecules
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