molecular formula of alkynes is CnH2n–2 • Triple bonded carbons are ‘sp’ hybridized and greater s – character is associated with it. • Alkynes will exhibit chain‚ position and functional isomerism. • Their functional isomers are alkadienes and cyclo alkenes. • The minimum number of carbons required to exhibit chain isomerism by an alkyne is five. Preparation of Acetylene or ethyne : 1. Industrial method : By the hydrolysis of calcium carbide CaC2 + 2H2O → HC ≡ CH + Ca(OH)2 C C H − OH H − OH C −H C −H
Premium Alkene Acid Chlorine
SYLLABUS FOR ENTRANCE TEST 2012 UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES LAHORE‚ PAKISTAN STRUCTURE OF ENTRANCE TEST PAPER 2012 Sr.# Subject No. of Questions 1. PHYSICS 44 2. CHEMISTRY 58 3. ENGLISH 30 4. BIOLOGY 88 TOTAL 220 CONTENTS PHYSICS Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions CHEMISTRY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions ENGLISH Syllabus Self Test Questions BIOLOGY Syllabus TOS Self Test Questions PAGE# 1-5 6 7-9 10-21 22 23-28 29-34 35-36 37-44 45 46-51 PHYSICS
Premium Chemistry Chemical kinetics Atom
maize (corn)‚ rice‚ and cassava. Its presence or absence in samples is also the basis for iodine tests. What is a reducing sugar?3 A reducing sugar is any sugar that either has an aldehyde group or is capable of forming one in solution through isomerism. The aldehyde functional group allows the sugar to act as a reducing agent‚ for example in the Tollens’ test or Benedict’s reagent‚ or the Maillard reaction‚ important in the browning of many foods. A sugar is classified as a reducing sugar only
Premium Glucose Disaccharide Amino acid
Chapter:-8 The d-and f-Block Elements POINTS TO BE REMEMBERED: --- The elements of periodic table belonging to group 3 to 12 are known as d-Block elements. The general electronic configuration of these elements is (n -1)d1-10 ns 1-2 d- Block elements are collectively known as Transition Elements because properties of these elements vary in between s-Block and p-Block elements. A transition element should have partially filled (n-1) d orbital. Group 12 elements i.e. Zn
Premium Periodic table Electron configuration Transition metal
sulfate 10294-26-5 Ag2SeO3 silver selenite 7784-05-6 Ag2SeO4 silver selenate 7784-07-8 Ag2Te silver(I) telluride 12002-99-2 Ag3Br2 silver dibromide 11078-32-3 Ag3Br3 silver tribromide 11078-33-4 Ag3Cl3 silver(III) trichloride 12444-96-1 Ag3I3 silver(III) triiodide 37375-12-5 Ag3PO4 silver phosphate 7784-09-0 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041-48-4 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279-70-7 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359-97-3 AlBr3 aluminium tribromide 7727-15-3
Premium
Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease‚ primarily of the joints‚ with autoimmune features and a complex genetic component. INHERITANCE Occasional families show a considerable number of cases of this common disorder. A simple Mendelian mechanism could not be proved‚ however. Indeed‚ some (Burch et al.‚ 1964) could not demonstrate significant familial aggregation. Lynn et al. (1995) conducted family studies and segregation analyses of RA based on consecutive patients with RA ascertained
Premium Immune system Rheumatoid arthritis Inflammation
The Great Metabolic Race Metabolism comprises of a vital set of biochemical reactions that all living organisms require to sustain life. For a marathon runner‚ their physiological response to strenuous exercise depletes both their fats and carbohydrate storage in order to supply energy in the form of Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP). ATP is the energy form that the human body uses for biological processes such as movement and synthesis of biomacromolecules. In regards to running a marathon‚ the athlete
Premium Adenosine triphosphate Cellular respiration Metabolism
compound that is chiral‚ and draw two that are achiral. 7. Draw the formula for an unsaturated alkyl chloride (C5H9Cl) that shows: (a) neither geometric isomerism nor optical activity. (b) both geometric isomerism and optical activity. (c) geometric isomerism but not optical activity. (d) optical activity but not geometric isomerism. 8. How many pairs of enantiomers and/or meso compounds are possible for the following? a) b) 9. Draw the enantiomer for each of the following
Premium
in chemical bonding are called valence electrons. Bonding electrons: The valence electrons actually involved in bond formation are called bonding electrons. Octet rule: In chemical bond formation‚ atoms interact- (i) by losing‚ (ii) by gaining or (iii) by sharing electrons to acquire a stable noble gas configuration. He (2) 2 Ne (10) 2‚ 8 Ar (18) 2‚ 8‚ 8 Kr (36) 2‚ 8‚ 18‚ 8 Xe (54)
Premium Chemical bond Atom Covalent bond
Vitamins and Minerals General Concepts: * Divided into two major groups: fat soluble and water soluble * fat soluble: A‚ D‚ E‚ K * requirements vary with species‚ size‚ growth rate‚ environment (temperature‚ presence of toxins‚ etc.) and metabolic function (growth‚ stress response‚ disease resistance) * many species can utilize intestinal bacteria synthesis for meeting vitamin requirements Vitamin
Premium Vitamin Metabolism Antioxidant